Bacteroidaceae ⇒ Bacteroides {10000109} Record Keys Parent:Bacteroidaceae Definition:Bacteroides Details Initialisation date:2020-09-06 LinksSource Meta Information Rank: Genus Domain: Bacteria Zone:[ ] Enzyme:[ ] Function:Anti fibrosis Notes: [ ]Shared Reference Notes [1.1] - The identified microbiome pattern of healthy ageing is characterized by a depletion of core genera found across most humans, primarily Bacteroides. - Retaining a high Bacteroides dominance into older age, or having a low gut microbiome uniqueness measure, predicts decreased survival in a 4-year follow-up. [1.2] - Patients with #Major depressive disorder showed a statistically significant overrepresentation of Bacteroides enterotype 2 compared to controls. [1.3] - Bacteroides is a common member of the gut microbiome and plays important, symbiotic roles, such as modulation and regulation of the immune system, maintenance of intestinal integrity, and carbohydrate digestion. - Bacteroides organisms are major producers of short-chain fatty acids, which have been shown to support host immune homeostasis both locally and systemically - γ-aminobutyric acid (#GABA) production by human-derived Bacteroides is widespread, and there is a correlation between brain signatures of #Depression and fecal Bacteroides levels in patients with #Major depressive disorder - γ-aminobutyric acid (#GABA) production by human-derived Bacteroides is widespread, and there is a correlation between brain signatures of depression and fecal Bacteroides levels in patients with #Major depressive disorder. [1.4] [#Metabolic associated fatty liver disease] - Some Bacteroides species have been reported to be protective against MAFLD [#Steatohepatitis] - Bacteroides was negatively associated with advanced steatosis - Some species of Bacteroides have been associated with progression to advanced liver fibrosis [1.5] - Bacteroides predominate with protein and #Animal fat consumption. [1.6] [#Galactooligosaccharides & modified mogrosides Sweetener] - Significant growth during the fermentation at 10 h of bacterial populations includes #Bifidobacterium, Bacteroides, #Enterococcus, and #Clostridium coccoides. - significant increase in production of SCFA in mMV-GOS at 10 h of fermentation, mainly seen in #Acetate and #Propionate production [1.7] [#Alzheimer’s disease] - Increasing the relative abundance of Bacteroides and #Faecalibacterium may improve cognitive levels [1.8] - Members of the genera #Oscillospira and #Coprococcus in the cecum, as well as #Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and members of the genus Bacteroides in the ileum > negatively correlated with #Fibrosis. [1.9] [#Carbohydrate diet, #High protein / animal fat diets] - high protein animal fat diets are associated with Bacteroides, whereas diets high in carbohydrates are associated with a high prevalence of #Prevotella [#Chronic fatigue syndrome] - Several studies reported a reduction of a butyrate-producing Bacteroides species in ME/CFS [#Resistant starch] - RS consumption was associated with an increased abundance of either Bacteroides or #Prevotella transcripts. [1.11] - #Butyrate inhibits gut microbiome Bacteroides - #Butyrate inhibition depends on which #Sugar a given Bacteroides strain uses - Core genome variation in Acyl-CoA enzymes mediates #Butyrate defense - Each Bacteroides unique fitness landscape unpredictable by interaction of ecosystem parts [1.12] - #Firmicutes and Bacteroides are the main #Butyrate producing phyla [1.13] [#Diabetes Type 1] [#Lipopolysaccharide] - lipopolysaccharides biosynthesis in Bacteroides MAGs (metagenome-assembled genomes) and #Sulfate reduction in #Anaerostipes MAGs as functional signatures of MAGs with positive IA-association (Islets autoantibody) [#Diabetes Type 1] [#Lipopolysaccharide] - LPS produced by the Bacteroides species in gut microbiota has immunoinhibitory properties that may impede early immune education and contribute to the development of T1D. [1.14] -The antibacterial and antitumor defensin (HBD1) showed decreased levels in #Prostate cancer patients, while others (HBD2 and 3) were considerably increased. - Abundance of #Staphylococcus, #Corynebacterium and #Oxyphotobacteria genera was significantly higher, the abundance of #Faecalibacterium and Bacteroides genera were significantly lower in prostate tumor samples compared to non-tumor samples. - Bacteroides, Parabacteroides and #Faecalibacterium abundance gradually decreased with the combined increase in HBD2 and HBD3. - Higher #Corynebacterium and #Staphylococcus abundances were measured together with higher HBD2 and HBD3 urinary levels. [1.15] [#Parkinson’s Disease] - an abundance of Bacteroides (Gram-negative bacteria present in the gut microbiome) is associated with the severity of motor symptoms in PD [1.16] [#Irritable bowel syndrome] - symptom severity is related to characteristic alterations of gut microbiota, including reduced diversity, reduced exhaled methane, relative reduction of #Methanobacteriales and #Prevotella enterotype, and abundance of Bacteroides enterotype. - Bacteroides were found to be increased in patients with IBS-D and were associated with mucosal low-grade inflammation. [1.17] [#Animal fat consumption] - diet with high content of animal fat was consumed Bacteroides-dominated enterotype was present [1.18] [#Lipopolysaccharide] [#Antibiotic Therapy, #Condition of chronic stress] - stressor exposed mice had significantly altered community structure of their gut microbiota, with decreased abundance of the genus Bacteroides and increased abundance of the genus #Clostridium. This was accompanied by increased circulating levels of IL-6 and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1). - In a follow-up experiment, animals were fed an antibiotic cocktail in the morning and evening by oral gavage, beginning three days before the stressor and continuing to the end of the experiment. Antibiotic treatment prevented the increases in IL-6 and MCP-1. - mice receiving the stressor had elevated hepatic portal blood levels of LPS (from the gastrointestinal draining vein) and elevated mRNA expression of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF in the hypothalamus, though no changes in circulating cytokines. Pretreatment with L. farciminis, antibiotics, and ML-7 all prevented these increases. [1.19] [#CVD] [#Short Chain Fatty Acid] [#Probiotic, #Probiotic (Bifidobacter and Lactobacilus)] - Short-chain fatty acids and secondary #Bile Acids can decrease #Cholesterol levels by regulating #Cholesterol metabolism. - Microbial #Bile Salt hydrolases can increase #Cholesterol disposal rates by accelerating its conversion to #Bile Acids. - Probiotics from the genera Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium are efficient reducers of #Cholesterol levels in clinical studies. - Several candidate next-generation probiotics, including #Akkermansia muciniphila, Bacteroides spp., #Clostridium spp., #Christensenella minuta, Eubacterium spp., and #Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, have been shown to decrease #Cholesterol levels in human or animal studies. - At the genus level, #Prevotella and Bacteroides were significantly enriched in the #Meditation group. - Two beneficial bacterial genera (#Megamonas and #Faecalibacterium) were significantly enriched in the #Meditation group. - Several pathways—including glycan biosynthesis, metabolism and lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis—were significantly enriched in the #Meditation group. - Plasma levels of clinical risk factors were significantly decreased in the #Meditation group, including total #Cholesterol and apolipoprotein B. [1.21] [#Graves’ disease, #Graves’ orbitopathy] - when patients were hyperthyroid and TRAB positive, #Actinobacteria were significantly increased and Bacteroidetes significantly decreased in GD/GO compared with HC. - Bacteroides displayed positive and negative correlations with TSH and FT4 respectively and was also significantly associated with #Smoking in GO, #Smoking is a risk factor for GO but not GD. [1.22] [#Human gammaherpesvirus 4] - #Tomato > Fruitflow when administered over 4 wk at 2×150 mg Fruitflow per d > Significant changes in relative abundance of microbial taxa with Fruitflow, such as decreases in Bacteroides, Ruminococccus, and #Hungatella related OTUs, as well as increases in #Alistipes which are all known for the involvement in #TMA/#TMAO metabolism. [1.23] [#Diabetes Type 2] - The genus #Blautia was one of the most represented genera in both groups enriched in group T2D. - #Lachnoclostridium were more abundant in the microbiome profiles of diabetic patients. - There are anomalies in the genera Bacteroides and #Prevotella, both of which are increased in the T2D, both genera are #Propionate producers. [1.24] [#Cesarean section, #Vaginally delivery] - Bacteroides indeed disappears around week 1 of life in CS-born infants after initial colonization, whereas colonization persists in those vaginally born. [1.25] [#Polyphenol-rich supplementation] - Four dietary #Polyphenols (rutin, #Quercetin, chlorogenic acid, and #Caffeic acid) can reduce the ratio of #Firmicutes to Bacteroides in in vitro gut microbiota experiments. [1.26] - #Enterobacter abundance was significantly decreased by the addition of #Ginger, #Onion, and #Pumpkin. - Bacteroides was significantly decreased by the addition of #Pumpkin. [#Breast cancer] - #Enterobacter, Bacteroides, and #Bifidobacterium were more abundant in patients with BC. - #Pseudomonas, #Staphylococcus, #Acinetobacter, and #Corynebacterium 1 were more abundant in healthy controls. [1.27] [#Bipolar disorder, #Major depressive disorder, #Schizophrenia] - MDD was often characterized by higher #Alistipes and #Parabacteroides and lower #Prevotella; BD by higher #Bifidobacterium and #Oscillibacter; and SZ by higher #Prevotella and lower Bacteroides, #Haemophilus, and #Streptococcus [#Bipolar disorder] - Levels of #Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Bacteroides–#Prevotella group, #Atopobium Cluster, #Enterobacter spp. and #Clostridium cluster IV were higher in BD patients than healthy subjects along with a reduced #Bifidobacteria to #Enterobacteriaceae ratio, having these changes a possible impact on brain function in these patients. [1.28] [#High-protein diet] - Excessive protein intake > causing the growth of protein fermenting bacteria as #Clostridium, #Desulfovibrio, #Peptostreptococcus, #Acidaminococcus, #Veillonella, #Propionibacterium, Bacillus, Bacteroides, #Staphylococcus, and other species of the #Proteobacteria family, and the loss of carbohydrate fermenting bacteria such as Bacteroides, #Lactobacillus, #Bifidobacterium, #Prevotella, #Ruminococcus, #Roseburia, and #Faecalibacterium. [1.29] [#Infants] - Bacterial genera commonly found in the infant small intestine include #Lactobacillus, #Clostridium, #Staphylococcus, #Streptococcus, Bacteroides, and #Bifidobacterium - Certain microorganisms, including #Bifidobacterium, #Escherichia spp., Bacteroides, and #Parabacteroides, produce #GABA, which is an inhibitory neurotransmitter [1.31] [#Animal fat consumption, #Beef protein high-fat diets (HFB), #High protein / animal fat diets, #High satureted fat diet] - The first enterotype, high in Bacteroides and low in #Prevotella, is found in individuals on a long-term Western diet high in animal protein, the nutrient #Choline, and saturated fat. - The second enterotype is high in #Prevotella, low in Bacteroides, and associated with a #Plant-based diet rich in fiber, simple sugars, and plant-derived compounds. [1.32] - Extra-virgin #Olive oil ingestion in rodents also can promote the growth of certain types of beneficial #Bacteria including species of #Lactobacillus, #Bifidobacterium, Bacteroides, and #Clostridium, and members of the Erysipelotrichaeae. [#Short Chain Fatty Acid] [#Olive] - SCFAs, produced by a number of bacteria, such as Bacteroides and #Lactobacillus, which are often elevated with EVOO consumption, are also potent activators for GPR43 [#Olive] - Bacteroides, which has been found to be elevated with EVOO consumption, correlates negatively with plasma #Triglyceride levels in mice and humans. [1.33] [#Alzheimer’s disease] - Increased proportions of Bacteroides, #Alistipes, #Odoribacter, and #Barnesiella and decreased proportions of #Lachnoclostridium were present in AD elders. [1.34] [#Acute lymphoblastic leukemia] [#Cesarean section] - Elective C-section, an established risk factor for BCP-ALL induces persisting compositional and functional instability in the gut microbiome (especially in Bacteroides spp.) > suppress Treg cell differentiation and compromise gut immune tolerance, leading to the promotion of pro-inflammatory responses. [#Bacteroides ovatus, #Bacteroides uniformis] [#Infants] - Bacteroides species (for example, B. ovatus and B. uniformis), whose successful and timely colonization is determined by the mode of delivery, can have a profound impact on stool IgA levels during infancy. [#Cesarean section] - #Children born by C-section demonstrate reduced colonization stability of Bacteroides by day 14 and reduced abundance throughout infancy and up to 5 years of life. - The low-Bacteroides profile of neonates delivered by C-section is accompanied by an increased relative abundance of opportunistic pathogens (for example, #Enterococcus spp. and #Klebsiella spp.) [#Short Chain Fatty Acid] [#Antibiotic Therapy] - Intrapartum antibiotics exposure is associated with reduced relative abundance of Bacteroides and reduced levels of the SCFA #Propionate at birth, as well as increased relative abundance of potentially pathogenic #Proteobacteria. [1.35] [#Animal fat consumption] - protein-and animal fat-rich diets belong to the Bacteroides enterotype - Bacteroides group splitted into two subgroups, Bacteroides 1 and Bacteroides2 , showed that the latter could be linked to lower gut microbial gene richness and clinical characteristics, including severe #Obesity and systemic inflammation [1.36] [#Crohn’s disease] [#Dorea longicatena, #Ruminococcus lactaris] - ileocolonic resection (ICR) in CD patients > amples collected at time of surgery were enriched in #Proteobacteria and harbored high levels of unusual, bacteria such as #Streptococcus mitis, #Undibacterium oligocarboniphilum, #Sphingomonas melonis and #Gemella haemolysans - 6 months after surgery samples had elevated proportions of anaerobic bacteria belonging to #Lachnospiraceae (#Clostridium nexile, #Blautia wexlereae, #Dorea longicatena). - Remission was characterized by increased levels of bacteria belonging to Bacteroides, #Dorea, #Ruminococcus and #Dialister genera, whereas recurrence was associated with increased levels of #Gemmiger formicilis, #Enterococcus durans and #Ruminococcus lactaris. [1.37] [#Bacteroides fragilis, #Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron] - Some members of the Bacteroides genus, although belonging to the normal gastrointestinal microbiota, can cause opportunistic infections if the integrity of the intestinal mucosal barrier is broken. These infections are usually polymicrobial, but B. fragilis and B. thetaiotaomicron are the most frequent species isolated. [#Bile Acids] - The majority of the #Bacteroidetes species fall into three genera: #Prevotella (bile-sensitive, moderately saccharolytic, with pigmented and nonpigmented species), #Porphyromonas (bile-sensitive, pigmented, asaccharolytic species), and Bacteroides (bile-resistant, nonpigmented, saccharolytic species). [#Diabetes Type 1] - Studies have reported an increased quantity of #Villanella, #Clostridium, and Bacteroides and a decreased quantity of #Lactobacillus, #Eubacterium rectale, #Blautia coccoides, and #Bifidobacterium in #Children with type 1 diabetes. [1.38] - Bacteroides and #Faecalibacterium had relatively high prevalences and were more abundant in #Children with severe #Asthma. - A similar correlation with high absolute tissue eosinophil counts and percentages of tissue eosinophils is also seen in the abundance of the genera #Parabacteroides, #Bifidobacterium, Bacteroides, #Microbacterium, #Faecalibacterium, #Lactococcus, #Desulfovibrio, and #Ruminococcus. [#Eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis] - nasal dysbiosis in eCRSwNP was defined by increased relative abundances of #Sphingomonas, #Moraxellaceae, Bacteroides, #Bifidobacterium, #Ruminococcus, and #Faecalibacterium, as well as by decreased abundances of #Ralstonia, #Propionibacterium, and Propionibacter. [1.39] [#Animal-based diet] - increased #Animal protein intake is associated with increased relative abundance of #Alistipes and Bacteroides genera [#Autism] - #Prevotella, Bacteroides and #Bifidobacterium were predominantly associated with the cytokine differentials. [1.41] - The human gut microbiome has been sorted into five “enterosignatures.” - These are dominated by Bacteroides, #Firmicutes, #Prevotella, #Bifidobacterium, or #Escherichia. [1.42] [#Gastric carcinoma] - Gastric mucosal biopsies from intra-epithelial neoplasia and adenocarcinoma patients have shown a higher abundance of #Actinobacteria, Bacteroides, #Firmicutes, and #Fusobacteria [#Pancreatic Cancer] - pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma samples have been shown to be enriched for #Proteobacteria, Bacteroides, and #Firmicutes compared to normal pancreatic tissue [1.43] - potential protective role against #Male Infertility> Bacteroides, #Romboutsia - #Allisonella was positively associated with #Male Infertility. [1.44] [#Vitamin B12] - The smallintestine a lso contains microbes, such as Bacteroides and #Prevotella, that aid in the synthesis of micronutrients, like #Vitamin K2 and B12 [1.45] - #Leptin serum level was positively correlated with the abundance of #Bifidobacterium and ##Lactobacillus whereas #Leptin serum level was negatively correlated with #Clostridium, Bacteroides and, #Prevotella [1.46] [#High protein / animal fat diets, #High fibre diet] - fiber rich diets associate with a higher abundance of #Prevotella spp., whereas a protein and fat rich diet (low fiber) enriches Bacteroides spp. [1.47] - The reduction of bacteroides was prevalent in the #Probiotic supplemented group in several cases, the background of which is unclear [1.48] - The #Bacteroidetes phylum mainly consists of Bacteroides and #Prevotella. - #Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome (VKH) > In this uveitis syndrome, a study demonstrated heightened levels of gram-negative bacteria, eg, Bacteroides and #Paraprevotella, in patients’ stools with a decrease in #Butyrate-producing bacteria. [1.49] [#Systemic lupus erythematosus] - SLE > The abundance of #Acholeplasma, #Capnocytophaga and #Leptotrichia were negatively correlated with SLEDAI score, and the abundance of Bacteroides, #Ruminococcus and #Akkermansia had an inverse correlation with the serum levels of complement C3 [#Systemic lupus erythematosus] - SLE patients displayed higher serum levels of #IL-2 and #IL-6. - The abundance of #Roseburia and #Faecalibacterium was inversely correlated with #IL-6, the abundance of #Roseburia had a negative correlation with #IL-2, and the abundance of Bacteroides had a positive correlation with #IL-2. - increased #Animal protein intake is associated with increased relative abundance of #Alistipes and Bacteroides genera [1.51] [#Diabetes Type 2] [#Dipeptidyl peptidase 4] [#High Fat Diet] - microbial DPP4 was mainly produced by Bacteroides spp. - Gut microbial DPP4 (mDPP4) could degrade active #GLP-1(7-37) in vitro. - mDPP4 could not affect active #GLP-1 levels in chow-fed mice but could decrease active #GLP-1 activity and impair #Glucose homeostasis in high-fat diet (HFD)–fed mice or dextran #Sulfate sodium/indomethacin–treated mice, suggesting that a damaged gut barrier is required for mDPP4 to affect the activity of host #GLP-1. - Gut microbial DPP4 isozyme can impair host #Glucose homeostasis, and variations in microbial DPP4 activities could possibly contribute to the heterogeneous responses to sitagliptin observed among patients with T2D. [1.52] [#Colorectal cancer] [#Short Chain Fatty Acid] [#Zizyphus jujuba cv. Muzao] -ZMP consumption prevented CRC mouse colon shortening, decreased their mortality, reduced pro-inflammatory cytokines, increased the concentration of total short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and modulated gut microbiota in their feces. - ZMP also increased the richness of #Bifidobacterium, Bacteroides and #Lactobacillus. [1.53] - Bacteroides are usually commensal in the gut, but some strains of Bacteroides have been identified as opportunistic pathogens - 60 bacterial genera from human gut microbiota (Bacteroides, #Bifidobacterium, #Escherichia, #Faecalibacterium, and #Lactobacillus,) > encode β-glucuronidase and/or β-galactosidase > impacting endogenous #Estrogen metabolism [#Polycystic ovary syndrome] [#Bacteroides fragilis, #Escherichia coli] - In patients with PCOS, there were enrichment of #Fusobacterium, #Escherichia, and Bacteroides at the genus level and Bacteroides fragilis and #Escherichia coli at the species level. [1.54] [#Human breast milk, #Vaginally delivery] - At 6 weeks postpartum, the composition and structure of gut microbiota of #Cesarean section-delivered (CSD) #Infants differed from those of vaginally delivered (VD) #Infants, with decreased Bacteroides and #Escherichia-#Shigella and increased #Klebsiella, #Veillonella, and #Enterococcus. - At 6 months postpartum, these delivery mode-induced microbial shifts were restored by exclusive breastfeeding, resulting in similar gut microbial profiles between VD and CSD #Infants who were exclusively breastfed and more variable gut microbial profiles between VD and CSD #Infants who were mixed fed. [1.55] - a positive association of #Propionate with the phylum #Bacteroidota and many of its genera, including Bacteroides and #Parabacteroides. [#Lachnospiracea] - The relatively higher proportion of #Acetate and #Propionate in the #Inulin group could be partially explained by the higher abundance of #Parasutterella, Bacteroides, and #Parabacteroides, and as well as the lower prevalence of Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136 and #Faecalibaculum [1.56] - certain #Bifidobacterium, Bacteroides, and #Lactobacillus species that have high activities of #Bile Salt hydrolase, the enzyme responsible for the deconjugation of #Bile Acids. [1.57] [#Animal-based diet, #Animal fat consumption] - animal-based diets (typically called a “Western” diet with high amounts of animal fat and protein, and processed carbohydrates) induce decreased levels of beneficial species within the #Firmicutes phyla and strains from the genus #Prevotella; while levels of bile-tolerant, inflammation-associated #Proteobacteria, such as #Bilophila, and Bacteroides are increased [#Plant-based diet] - plant-rich diets are associated with greater microbial diversity with a dominance of #Prevotella over Bacteroides. - #Apple #Pectin was three times more effective in promoting Bacteroides growth and overall microflora diversity than #Inulin [1.58] [#Hepatocellular cancer] [#Bacteroides-Prevotella group, #Clostridium clusters XIVa] - levels of Bacteroides, #Lachnospiracea #Incertae sedis, and #Clostridium XIVa were higher in the gut of non-small-cell HCC group (higher tumor load) and could separate the non-small-cell liver cancer group from small-cell HCC group (lower tumor load) [1.59] [#Anorexia nervosa] [#Berberine] - BBR > decrease in #Ruminococcus gnavus and Ruminococcus schinkii and an increase in Bacteroides were observed in normal mice after treatment with BBR - Enhanced #Pantothenic acid intake increased the relative abundance of #Prevotella and #Actinobacteria and decreased the abundance of Bacteroides in lactating women - #Vitamin B12 supplementation in humans increased the relative abundance of #Prevotella, but decreased the abundance of Bacteroides - more than 90% of other gut-associated Bacteroides possess the ability for #Thiamin biosynthesis and the #Thiamin transporter genes - Bacteroides, do not have a #Vitamin B12 biosynthesis capability. However, most of them possess vitamin-B12-dependent enzymes - the abundance of Bacteroides was decreased when the #Vitamin B6 intake was high [1.61] - gut pH changes from 6.5 to 5.5 can contribute to a change in the composition and population of the gut microbiota. - The pH alteration can change the population of acid-sensitive species, such as Bacteroids, and promote #Butyrate formation by #Firmicutes. - This process is called butyrogenic effect. [1.62] [#Estrogen] - Β-glucuronidase activity is found extensively in the gut microbiota, particularly in #Clostridia, but also other taxa including Bacteroides and #Bifidobacteria. [1.63] [#Pulmonary tubercolosis, #Tuberculosis] - The genera #Parabacteroides, Bacteroides, #Lachnoclostridium, and #Fusobacterium were markedly enhanced in the PTB group, while #Roseburia, #Blautia, unidentified #Ruminococcaceae, #Bifidobacterium, #Romboutsia, and #Fusicatenibacter were enhanced in the HC group. [#Tuberculosis] - #Prevotella, which is better equipped to consume plant-derived carbohydrates, was markedly depleted in TB patients, while the abundance of Bacteroides was increased [1.64] [#Bacteroides fragilis] [#Keto diet] - Bacteroides increased significantly after KD intervention, especially Bacteroides fragilis. [1.65] [#Human breast milk] - breastfed #Infants generally have a higher abundance of #Bifidobacterium and decreased abundance of Bacteroides and #Firmicutes compared to non-breastfed #Infants [1.66] [#Atopic Dermatitis] - depletion of Bacteroides and an enrichment of #Clostridium sensu stricto 1 in the gut microbiome of #Infants with eczema at 1 year old. [1.67] [#Prevotella copri] - high abundance of P. copri was often associated with low abundance of Bacteroides. [1.68] [#Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder] - Bacteroides reportedly correlate with levels of hyperactivity and impulsivity in ADHD [#Bacteroides-Prevotella group, #Ruminococcus gauvreauii] [#Keto diet] - The abundance of Ruminococcus_gauvreauii_group, Bacteroides, #Bifidobacterium, and #Blautia significantly increased, whereas that of #Lactobacillus, #Romboutsia, #Facklamia, and #Turicibacter significantly declined in the KD group compared with the ND group. [1.69] [#Multiple Sclerosis] - Individuals with relapsing-remitting MS have an abundance of #Mycoplasma, #Pseudomonas, #Faecalibacterium, #Haemophilus, #Anaerostipes, #Blautia, and #Dorea, while Bacteroides, #Prevotella, #Parabacteroides, and #Adlercreutzia are relatively less common. [#Parkinson’s Disease] [#Fiber-free diet, #Low fibre Diet] - The lack of dietary fiber makes specialized taxa, which are equipped with glycan-degrading enzymes, such as #Akkermansia spp. or the Bacteriodetes genera #Alistipes spp. and Bacteroides spp.,65 switch to host #Glycans as energy resource, promoting mucus erosion and pathogens susceptibility. [1.71] [#Carbohydrate diet] - On a #Fructose-rich diet, mice lost beneficial bacteria such as #Prevotella, #Muribaculum, and #Bifidobacterium - These #Fructose-rich diet mice also showed an enrichment of #Desulfovibrio, #Collinsella, #Olsenella, and Bacteroides as well as increased frequency of immune cells with pro-inflammatory characteristics [1.72] [#Primary immune thrombocytopenia] - fecal bacteria such as #Actinomycetaceae, #Blautia, #Streptococcus, and #Lactobacillus are enriched, whereas bacteria such as Bacteroides are depleted in ITP patients. [1.73] [#Non-Hodgkin lymphoma] [#CAR T-cell therapy] - In Lymphoma > Bacteroides, #Ruminococcus, #Eubacterium and #Akkermansia were most important in determining CAR-T responsiveness, with #Akkermansia also being associated with pre-infusion peripheral T cell levels in these patients. [1.74] [#Juvenile idiopathic arthritis] [#Human breast milk] - taxa associated with ABIS JIA had a significant association with shorter durations of breastfeeding, including #Acidaminococcales, #Prevotella 9, #Parabacteroides distasonis, and several ASVs belonging to Bacteroides, #Veillonella parvula, #Turicibacter sanguinis, #Eggerthella lenta, and P. distasonis. [1.75] - Bacteroides and #Clostridium have been reported to be capable of converting #Tryptophan into #Indole and #Indole derivatives [1.76] - #Menaquinone is produced by bacteria such as Bacteroides species [1.77] - conjunctival swabs from Bacterial #Keratitis patients contained significantly less #Actinobacteria and #Corynebacteria (determinate beneficial symbiotic #Bacteria), but significantly more #Gammaproteobacteria, #Pseudomonas, Bacteroides, and EscherichiaShigella (common ocular pathogenic #Bacteria). [1.78] - GM mainly controls #Estrogen levels through the secretion of an enzyme called β-glucuronidase, which is encoded by several GM genera, including Bacteroides, #Bifidobacterium, #Escherichia, and #Lactobacillus [1.79] - In comparison to cholangiolithiasis cases, levels of Bacteroides, #Geobacillus, #Meiothermus, and #Anoxybacillus genera were significantly elevated in the biliary microbiota of patients with #Extrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma - #Indole is an inter-kingdom signal in gut epithelial cells, reinforcing the host cell-barrier assets - It is derived from #Tryptophan, produced by several microbes (i.e., Bacteroides, #Clostridium, #Desulfovibrio) colonizing the human GI tract - It is a critical precursor of physiologically important molecules, such as #Serotonin and #Melatonin [1.81] [#Covid-19] [#mRNA vaccine] - #Agathobacter, #Lactobacillus, Bacteroides, and #Lachnospira were positively correlated with both spike IgG levels and spike-specific CD4+ T-cell responses. These #Bacteria with known immunomodulatory properties could contribute to higher immune responses to vaccinations [1.82] [#Autism] [#Bacteroides fragilis] - The increase in Bacteroides was initially rather surprising considering a previous rodent study demonstrating that a species of Bacteroides, B. fragilis, may attenuate ASD-associated behavior. [#Autism] [#Adult] - an increase of Bacteroides in ASD, that also correlated with increases in interleukin-6. - The effects of this species could be solely exposure time dependent (infancy vs adulthood), as demonstrated here, or they could also be strain specific. [#Autism] [#Gender] - ASD > males have a higher abundance of Bacteroides than females > it is possible that males are more susceptible to the effects of a further increase in Bacteroides abundance. [1.83] [#Cognitive impairment] [#Bacteroides-Prevotella group] - Families including #Bacteroidaceae, #Rikenellaceae, along with genera including #Paraprevotella, Ruminococcustques group, Bacteroides, #Dialister, #Paraprevotella, and RuminococcaceaeUCG003 had a protective effect on cognition. [1.84] [#Diabetes Type 2] - IR and faecal monosaccharides were lower in individuals who harboured more #Bacteroidales-type #Bacteria in their gut, potentially highlighting the role of #Bacteroidales-type #Bacteria (Bacteroides, #Alistipes) in mediating IS. [1.85] - Bacteroides spp. with #Serine palmitoyltransferase (SPT) gene have the ability to produce #Sphingolipids. [#Chronic fatigue syndrome, #Cognitive impairment] - #Vitamin E in improving mental health, particularly cognitive function. - certain gut microbes, like Bacteroides and #Clostridium, are considered to possess the potential ability to metabolize #Vitamin E in the intestinal tract. - the cognitive issues observed in ME/CFS patients may be associated to specific changes in the gut microbiome and a significant reduction in #Vitamin E levels. [1.86] [#Major depressive disorder] - gut microbiota of MDD have a greater mucin-utilization capacity relative to HC. It may because of the high concentration of Bacteroides in MDD population. [#Major depressive disorder] [#Bacteroides fragilis, #Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron] - the increased availability of mucin may weaken the mucous layer of the intestinal wall, and some Bacteroides can degrade mucin during survival, such as B. thetaiotaomicron, B. fragilis, as a result, harmful molecules in MDD are more likely to cross the gut and enter the circulatory or endocrine system [#Major depressive disorder] [#Bacteroides ovatus, #Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron] - Bacteroides, especially Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron and Bacteroides ovatus, dedicate about 6% of their genomes to encode these two CAZymes. - These results suggesting that alternations of Bacteroides species was a hallmark of MDD, [1.87] [#Bisphenol A] - #Lactobacillus and Bacteroides were lost after BPA [1.88] [#Bifidobacteria] - the consumption of the #Cranberry extract successfully modulated the fecal microbiota of the participants included in this study with a strong bifidogenic effect. - Bifidobacterium was significantly increased with the #Cranberry extract providing low amounts of (poly)phenols and oligosaccharides (mainly arabinoxyloglucan). - The bifidogenic effect was concomitant to a decrease in Bacteroides abundance [#Clostridium clusters XIVa] - Along with #Bifidobacterium, #Cranberry juice stimulated the growth of #Prevotella, #Clostridium XIVa and #Eggerthella, while Bacteroides was not affected by the #Cranberry juice intake. - arabinogalactan > lead to an increase in #Bifidobacterium population and to the acidification of the medium due to the important concentrations of #Formate, #Acetate and #Lactate produced by this genus when fermenting #Cranberry xyloglucans. - #Formate, #Acetate and #Lactate exert antibacterial effects and pH reduction to which Bacteroides is sensitive [#Phenol] - #Cranberry (poly)phenols have an antimicrobial effect on Bacteroides, allowing #Bifidobacterium to consume #Cranberry oligosaccharides and occupy its microbial niche [1.89] - In chronic #Intermittent Hypoxia (CIH) mice, beneficial genera like #Clostridium, #Akkermansia, and Bacteroides reduced in presence while pathogenic genera like #Desulfovibrio increased. [#Tryptophan] - Trp is converted to #Indole via the enzyme Trp identified in gut bacteria such as #Escherichia coli (E. coli), #Clostridium spp., and Bacteroides spp. - Trp decarboxylase converts Trp to #Tryptamine > is expressed in #Clostridium, #Ruminococcus, #Blautia, and #Lactobacillus bacteria [1.91] - Individuals with high levels of Bacteroides in the stool also have high #Cutibacterium on the skin and #Prevotella in the oral microbiome. - The correlated Bacteroides in the stool and #Cutibacterium in the skin are both closely related to lipid metabolism [1.92] [#Colorectal cancer] - #Akkermansia and Bacteroides emerged as notable microbes enriched in yoCRC tumors as compared to Bacillus, #Staphylococcus, #Listeria, #Enterococcus, #Pseudomonas, #Fusobacterium, and #Escherichia/#Shigella which have consistently been implicated with higher relative abundance in aoCRC tumors [1.93] [#Schizophrenia] [#Ruminococcus] - #Shigella and #Collinsella were more abundant in SCZ patients, and #Faecalibacterium, #Coprococcus, #Prevotella, #Haemophilus, Ruminococcaceae_Ruminococcus, Bacteroides, and #Oscillospira are significantly abundant in HC [1.94] [#Diabetes Type 2] - #Streptococcus and #Eggerthella were relatively more abundant than in prediabetic fecal samples. - Bacteroides, #Phascolarctobacterium, #Parabacteroides, and #Paraprevotella were more abundant in prediabetic fecal samples. [1.95] [#Colitis, #Diabetes Type 1] - The protein expressed by the Bacteroides is almost identical to a protein expressed by insulin-producing cells in the pancreas. - The CD8 lymphocytes can mistakenly attack the pancreatic cells and cause type 1 diabetes. References Notes[ ]
