Firmicutes ⇒ Clostridia {10000264}

Shared Reference Notes

• [1.1] 
  - Clostridia bacteria gene clusters are able to produce #Fatty acid amides (FAAs), which are signaling molecules produced by humans. - FAAs are known to have diverse physiological effects — ranging from immunoregulation to sensing pain to wound healing. - Bacterial enzymes from Clostridia bacteria used diet-derived substrates to produce FAAs that interact with human receptors.
• [1.2] [#P-glycoprotein] 
  - Genera within the Clostridia and Bacilli classes are necessary and sufficient for P-gp induction in the intestinal epithelium in mouse models.
• [1.3] [#Exercise training] 
  - Single bout of exercise > upregulated metabolic pathways of skeletal muscle substrate utilization and carbohydrate metabolites in serum > increased fecal #Ammonia and amino acid metabolites > increased the abundance of Clostridia
• [1.4] [#Leukemia] [#Antibiotic Therapy] 
  - Lukemia >Exposure to antibiotics, in particular piperacillin/tazobactam, meropenem and imipenem/cilastatin (P-I-M), in the 4 weeks before therapy was associated with worse survival and increased neurotoxicity. - Lukemia > species within the class Clostridia that were associated with day 100 complete response to Anti-CD19 chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy.
• [1.5] [#Autism] 
  - up-regulation was found for some metaproteins associated with Clostridia and with carbohydrate metabolism (glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate and glutamate dehydrogenases), while down-regulation was observed for others associated with #Bacteroidia
• [1.6] [#Food Allergy] 
  - #Butyrate-producing Clostridia, are depleted in food-allergic individuals. - #Butyrate-containing micelles, used in combination, restore a barrier-protective response in mice treated with either dextran sodium sulfate or antibiotics. Treatment with the micelles protects peanut-allergic mice from an anaphylactic reaction to peanut challenge and rescues their dysbiosis by increasing the abundance of #Clostridium cluster XIVa.
• [1.7] 
  - #Bacteroides fragilis and several Clostridia species have been reported to cause an anti-inflammatory response
• [1.8] [#Human breast milk] 
  - #Phosphatidylserine has implications for brain development in #Infants > induce major shifts in #Bacillota (#Firmicutes): #Bacteroidota (#Bacteroidetes) ratio in human gut microbiomes. - Clostridia and #Veillonella genera > use #Phosphatidylserine as a substrate to catalyse phosphatidylethanolamine and plasmenylethanolamine, both by employing respective phospholipid decarboxylase activities.
• -Clostridia and #Enterobacteriaceae could also be involved in #Phosphatidylcholine metabolism, which decreases the abundance of #Bifidobacterium spp. due to competition for the substrate.
• - Clostridia can metabolise #Cholesterol to #Coprostanol, which escapes hepatic recirculation as it is not reabsorbed by colonocytes.
• [1.9] [#Hypertension] [#Short Chain Fatty Acid] 
  - normotension group exhibited higher levels of Gram-positive bacteria, such as Clostridia, #Ruminococcaceae, and #Lachnospiraceae, which are mostly SCFA-producing bacteria.
• [#Cancer, #Melanoma] - An #Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)-favorable response was characterized by an intestinal microbiome rich in bacteria such as #Oscillospira sp., Clostridia UCG-014, #Lachnospiraceae UCG-010 sp., #Prevotella copri, and a decrease in #Sutterella sp., #Lactobacillales, and #Streptococcus sp. - Patients who developed immune-related adverse events (irAEs) had an overall increased microbial diversity and richness, and a stool microbiome depleted in #Agathobacter.
• [1.11] [#Clostridioides difficile] [#Para-cresol] 
  - p-Cresol is an aromatic derivative of #Tyrosine produced as a catabolite by many members of the gut microbiota, including some #Bifidobacteriaceae, #Enterobacteriaceae, #Clostridiaceae, #Lactobacillaceae, #Coriobacteriaceae, and #Bacteroidaceae. - Clostridia difficile has displayed a particular growth advantage on p-cresol and people with #Autism spectrum disorders often have a gut microbiome that is enriched in Clostridia.
• [1.12] [#High fibre diet] 
  - Both total fibre and specific fruit and vegetable fibre intake, are associated with the relative abundance of bacteria of the Clostridia class in the gut microbiome, especially #Roseburia genus.
• [1.13] [#Clostridioides difficile] 
  - #Succinate can promote the growth of some beneficial bacteria like Clostridia spp. - It also allows harmful bacteria like C. difficile to thrive,
• [1.14] [#Autism] 
  - The increased abundance of Clostridia and #Desulfovibrio and #Bacteroidetes/#Firmicutes ratio were related to the severity of ASD and gastrointestinal symptoms.
• [1.15] [#Estrogen] 
  - Β-glucuronidase activity is found extensively in the gut microbiota, particularly in Clostridia, but also other taxa including #Bacteroides and #Bifidobacteria.
• [1.16] [#Bacteroides uniformis, #Bacteroides vulgatus] 
  - #Bacteroidin-2 (produced by #Bacteroides cellulosilyticus) targeted several different classes including nearly all #Bacteroidia in our panel (except for B. uniformis and B. vulgatus), as well as #Akkermansia muciniphila, and #Eubacterium rectale of the #Verrucomicrobiae and Clostridia classes, respectively.
• [1.17] [#Rheumatoid Arthritis] [#Ruminococcaceae] 
  - #High humidity aggravated joint injury in CIA rats, which may be related to the high abundance of bacterial species such as #Prevotella, Clostridia, and Ruminococcaceae_UCG_010 induced by #High humidity, which could promote the immune response of Th17 cells.
• [#Rheumatoid Arthritis] - #Prevotella, #Ruminococcaceae and Clostridia were associated with RA because they induce the inflammatory response mediated by #IL-6, #IL-17 and IFN-γ cytokines
• [1.18] [#Cancer] 
  - the spores of Clostridia that germinate in anoxic tumor sites may produce products that disrupt tumor cell membranes also cause deterioration of solid tumors, activation of the immune system mediated by T cells + CD8 and NKCs, and thus may make a therapeutic approach
• [1.19] [#Autism] 
  - increased bacterial taxa in ASD phenotype > Clostridia, #Sarcina and #Parabacteroides, among others.
• [#Autism] [#Antibiotic Therapy] - antibiotic usage against Clostridia has shown beneficial effects in behavioural parameters of ASD studies
• [#Organophosphorus] - Most abundance changes at the genus level associated with high ambient OP exposure belong to the #Lachnospiraceae (seven genera were increased and two were decreased) and #Ruminococcaceae (3 genera were increased and 2 were decreased) families in the Clostridia class.

References Notes