Inulin [Helenin, Alatin, Meniantin] {60000102}

Shared Reference Notes

• [1.1] [#Polycystic ovary syndrome] 
  - Inulin improve gut dysbiosis, lower testosterone, and increase estradiol levels while improving ovarian morphology and weight gain in mice fed a #High-fat diet
• [1.2] [#Cancer] [#Oral administration of Inulin Gel] 
  - In multiple murine tumour models, inulin—a widely consumed dietary fibre—formulated as a ‘colon-retentive’ orally administered gel can effectively modulate the gut microbiome in situ, induce systemic memory-T-cell responses and amplify the antitumour activity of the checkpoint inhibitor anti-programmed cell death protein-1 (α-PD-1). - Orally delivered inulin-gel treatments increased the relative abundances of key commensal microorganisms and their short-chain-fatty-acid metabolites, and led to enhanced recall responses for interferon-γ+CD8+ T cells as well as to the establishment of stem-like T-cell factor-1+PD-1+CD8+ T cells within the tumour microenvironment.
• [1.3] [#High-fiber diet] 
  - vegetables rich in inulin increased #Bifidobacterium levels, promoted satiety, and reduced body weight
• [1.4] 
  - LCI is associated with an increase in #Bifidobacterium.
• [#Elevation of alanine aminotransferase (ALT)] - High doses of inulin cause inflammation and elevation of alanine aminotransferase (ALT)
• [1.5] [#Allergy] 
  - diet of inulin fibre alters the composition of the mouse microbiota and the levels of microbiota-derived metabolites, notably #Bile Acids. - This metabolomic shift is associated with type 2 inflammation in the intestine and lungs, characterized by IL-33 production, activation of group 2 innate lymphoid cells and eosinophilia. - dietary inulin fibre triggers microbiota-derived #Cholic acid and type 2 inflammation at barrier surfaces
• [1.6] [#Depression] [#Bifidobacterium animalis lactis, #Bifidobacterium bifidum, #Bifidobacterium longum, #Lactobacillus acidophilus] [#humanized Galactooligosaccharides] [#Combination of probiotics and polyphenol-rich prebiotics] 
  - patients were administered a synbiotic containing L. acidophilus, B. bifidum, B. lactis, and B. longum with the prebiotics FOS, GOS and inulin. In a subset of patients with depressive symptoms, the synbiotic significantly reduced the depressive score compared to both the #Probiotic-alone and placebo groups, which correlated to an increase in #BDNF serum levels.
• [#humanized Galactooligosaccharides, #Short Chain Fatty Acid] [#Fructooligosaccharides] - prebiotics that promote SCFA production such as #Fructooligosaccharides (FOS), galactooligosaccharides (GOS) or inulin, have been shown to have multiple beneficial immune- and metabolic- effects that can ultimately improve cognition.
• [1.7] 
  - #Ethanol feeding caused a significant increase in inulin permeability in distal colon. - Elevated permeability was associated with a redistribution of tight junction and adherens junction proteins and depletion of detergent-insoluble fractions of these proteins, suggesting that #Ethanol disrupts apical junctional complexes in colonic epithelium and increases paracellular permeability.
• [1.8] [#Bifidobacteria, #Bifidobacterium adolescentis, #Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum] [#Fructooligosaccharides, #Human milk oligosaccharides] 
  - 2′FL/LNnT were bifidogenic for both age groups, 3′SL/6′SL and FOS/IN were exclusively bifidogenic for children and adults, respectively. - 3′SL/6′SL stimulated B. pseudocatenulatum (abundant in children), FOS/IN enhanced B. adolescentis (abundant in adults). - increased #Acetate, #Propionate and #Butyrate (only in adults) with product- and age-dependent differences.
• [1.9] [#humanized Galactooligosaccharides] 
  - #Lactobacillus and #Bifidobacterium specialize in oligosaccharide fermentation, utilizing galactooligosaccharides (GOS), #Fructooligosaccharides (FOS), and #Polysaccharide inulin

References Notes