Leptin {60000083} Record Keys Parent:[ ] Definition:Leptin Queue:[ ] Details Initialisation date:2020-10-01 Specification: [ ]Source: [ ] Meta Information Structural Type:[ ] Functional Type:[ ] Function:[ ] Notes: [ ]Shared Reference Notes [1.1] - Adipokines, leptin and adiponectin, produced and secreted by adipocytes, are involved in regulating systemic inflammation and may be important targets for interventions to reduce the chronic systemic inflammation linked to some conditions common in #Aging (e.g., atherosclerosis). - Lower leptin levels and higher adiponectin levels in peripheral circulation have been associated with less systemic inflammation. [1.2] [1.3] [#Covid-19] [1.4] [#Short Chain Fatty Acid] - Several receptors have been identified for SCFAs such as free fatty acid receptor 3 (FFAR3 or GPR41) and #Niacin receptor 1 (GPR109A) - GPR41 and GPR109A are G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) found on intestinal epithelial cells, immune cells, and adipocytes. - GPR41 is associated with increased energy expenditure, leptin hormone expression, and decreased food intake [1.5] [#Short Chain Fatty Acid] - SCFAs modulate signaling pathways through activation of free fatty acid receptors, increasing secretion of leptin, glucagon-like peptide-1 (#GLP-1), and peptide YY (PYY), leading to increased satiety and reduced energy intake. [#Obesity] [#Pancreatic polypeptide YY, #Short Chain Fatty Acid] - SCFAs act as signalling molecules, activating the free fatty acid receptors, increasing leptin, GLP-1, and PYY, promoting satiety. [1.6] [#Acute lymphoblastic leukemia] - In ALL > #Fasting may inhibit the transformation of preleukaemic clones through enhanced leptin receptor signalling in mouse models [#Short Chain Fatty Acid] [#Western-style diet] - SCFA supplementation has also been shown to increase leptin sensitivity in mice fed a Western diet [1.7] - leptin serum level was positively correlated with the abundance of #Bifidobacterium and ##Lactobacillus whereas leptin serum level was negatively correlated with #Clostridium, #Bacteroides and, #Prevotella [1.8] [#Chronic fatigue syndrome] - Increased levels of leptin have been associated with higher #Fatigue scores in people with CFS. [#Chronic fatigue syndrome] - daily #Fatigue severity was significantly correlated with daily serum leptin levels in women with CFS - In metabolic diseases such as #Obesity, chronically elevated levels of leptin are observed, which can induce the production of proinflammatory molecules and impair immune self-tolerance, predisposing to develop conditions such as #Rheumatoid Arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, #Multiple Sclerosis, and others [1.9] [#Hypertension] - #Allobaculum in mucin degradation and its inverse correlation with circulating leptin levels, known to influence BPReferences Notes[ ]
