Plant-based diet {51111198}

Shared Reference Notes

• [1.1] [#Ulcerative Colitis] 
  - A positive association between a “high #Sugar and soft drinks” pattern and UC risk - When considering the foods most associated with the pattern, high consumers of #Sugar and soft drinks were at higher UC risk only if they had low vegetables intakes.
• [1.2] [#Biliary tract cancer] 
  - High levels of plant dietary fibers in the gut resulted in proliferation of #Bifidobacterium with anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor effects
• - Intestinal bacteria can turn some plant lignans such as flaxseed, sunflower, caraway, pumpkin, legumes, and soybean, into mammalian lignans with protective effects against #Breast cancer]. - High consumption of raw vegetables showed a significant protective effect against BC risk.
• [#Cancer] - High levels of plant dietary fibers in the gut resulted in proliferation of #Faecalibacterium prausnitzii with anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor effects.
• - Shifting to a plant-based diet would increase #Firmicutes population
• - A plant-based diet stimulates bacterial diversity.
• [1.3] [#Alzheimer’s disease] 
  - Oxidative stress can be modulated by diet, for example, high-fruit-and-vegetable diets improve cognition, which is linked with decreased oxidative stress in elderly;
• [1.4] 
  - Subjects on a vegetable-based diet showed increased abundance of Roseburia, Lachnospira, and Prevotella
• [1.5] [#Short Chain Fatty Acid] 
  - Plant foods and fish > positively associated with short-chain fatty acid-producing commensals and pathways of nutrient metabolism.
• [1.6] [#Plant Microbiome] 
  - several putative short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) fermenters associated with eating more than 30 types of plants, including sOTUs putatively of the species Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and of the genus Oscillospira. - Because bacteria differ in their carbohydrate binding modules and enzymes that hydrolyze diverse substrates in the gut (28), a diet containing various types of dietary fibers and resistant starches likely supports a more diverse microbial community. - Individuals who consume more than 30 types of plants per week compared to those who consume 10 or fewer plants per week had significantly reduced abundance of antibiotic resistance genes for aminoglycosides, chloramphenicol, and major facilitator superfamily (MFS) transporters (antibiotic efflux pumps).
• [1.7] [#Elevated C-reactive protein, #Low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, #Metabolic syndrome] 
  - Higher long-term PDI (plant-based diet index) was associated with the lower relative abundance of #Peptostreptococcus, while this microbe was positively correlated with the high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and inversely associated with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol.
• [1.8] [#CVD, #Obesity] [#Inulin-Type Fructans] 
  - Addition of ITF to the plant-based diet reduced microbial diversity and selectively increased #Bifidobacterium and #Faecalibacterium. -- The change in the latter was significantly associated with higher values of insulin and HOMA-IR and lower HDL #Cholesterol. - The LDL:HDL ratio and the concentrations of IL-10, MCP-1 and TNFα were significantly elevated in the ITF-subgroup.
• [1.9] 
  - The second enterotype is high in #Prevotella, low in #Bacteroides, and associated with a plant-based diet rich in fiber, simple sugars, and plant-derived compounds.
• [#Colon adenomas, #Colorectal cancer] - #Flavonifractor plautii and #Bacteroides stercoris transmit the protective or carcinogenic effects of these factors to early carcinogenesis. - #Flavonifractor plautii and #Bacteroides stercoris, for example, were more abundant in people with tubular adenomas than in those with serrated adenomas or in controls. - Both microbes were also less abundant in people with an increased vegetable intake or those who took #Aspirin.
• [1.11] 
  - #Ruminococcaceae is associated with the long-term consumption of fruits and vegetables. - #Ruminococcaceae enterotype has been linked to adults on a Korean-style balanced diet
• [1.12] [#Bifidobacterium longum] 
  - #Plant protein intake correlates more closely with enrichment of some members of the #Bifidobacterium genus (e.g., B. longum)
• [1.13] 
  - An increase in the plasma levels of #Hippuric acid may also be either the result of an increased fruits and vegetable intake.
• [1.14] 
  - plant-rich diets are associated with greater microbial diversity with a dominance of #Prevotella over #Bacteroides.
• - species #Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and strains within the genus #Oscillospira were increased with the number of plant species consumed
• [#High fibre diet] - The genus #Prevotella is expanded with complex carbohydrate intake as these microbes contain specific enzymes that are capable of degrading plant fibres
• [1.15] [#High fibre plant protein-rich diet, #Plant Microbiome] 
  - #Prevotella thrives on plant- or fiber-rich diets. - These include diets commonly described as non-Western, Mediterranean, or rural African diet.

References Notes