Disease ⇒ Cancer ⇒ Pancreatic Cancer {40000169}

Shared Reference Notes

• [1.1] [#Lactobacillus] [#Indole, #Tryptophan] [#Probiotic] 
• [1.2] [#kynurenine] 
• [1.3] 
  -Veillonella atypica, Fusobacterium nucleatum/hwasookii and Alloscardovia omnicolens were enriched in faeces of patients with PDAC, whereas Romboutsia timonensis, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Bacteroides coprocola and Bifidobacterium bifidum species clusters were depleted. In contrast, we did not detect any species with significantly differential abundance in the salivary microbiome when correcting for multiple tests, including previously reported associations, such as Porphyromonas gingivalis, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans,22 Neisseria elongata or Streptococcus mitis
• [1.4] 
  - Deletion of Col1 homotrimers increases overall survival of mice with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), associated with reprograming of the tumor microbiome with increased microaerophilic #Campylobacterales, which can be reversed with broad-spectrum antibiotics.
• [1.5] 
  - in a mouse model of PDA, #Malassezia from the colon infiltrated and accelerated PDA, a condition that was reversed with antifungal treatment.
• [1.6] [#Tryptophan] 
  - dietary Trp generated by the gut microbiota activate the aryl hydrocarbon receptor in myeloid cells, promoting an immune suppressive tumor microenvironment and facilitating pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma growth.
• [1.7] [#Breast cancer, #Ovarian cancer] 
  - Fungi were detected in 35 #Cancer types and were often intracellular. - 0%–25% of the tumors per #Cancer type to be positive for either β-glucan or Aspergillus staining. - fungal staining was mainly evident within #Cancer cells in pancreatic, breast, and ovarian #Cancer, it mostly localized to macrophages in #Melanoma and lung cancers
• [1.8] 
  - gut microbe–derived metabolite trimethylamine N-oxide (#TMAO), enhanced antitumor immunity to Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) - Delivery of #TMAO intraperitoneally or via a dietary choline supplement to orthotopic PDAC-bearing mice reduced tumor growth, associated with an immunostimulatory tumor-associated macrophage (TAM) phenotype, and activated effector T cell response in the tumor microenvironment. - #TMAO potentiated the type I interferon (IFN) pathway and conferred antitumor effects in a type I IFN–dependent manner. - bacteria producing an enzyme that generates #TMA was associated with positive immunotherapy outcomes in people with pancreatic cancer. - #Bacillus and #Paenibacillus species, were present at higher levels in people who survived for a long period of time after pancreatic cancer.
• [1.9] [#Bacteroides fragilis toxin] 
  - Enterotoxigenic #Bacteroides fragilis (ETBF) produces #Bacteroides fragilis toxin (BFT), which is associated with acute diarrheal, inflammatory bowel disease, and #Colorectal cancer (CRC).
• - there are significant blood concentration differences when #Ascorbic acid is given parenterally when compared to oral dosing. This pharmacologic difference appears to be critical for its role in oncology. - use of Intravenous pharmacologic #Ascorbic acid in a patient with poorly differentiated stage IV Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma as an exclusive chemotherapeutic regimen. - The patient survived nearly 4 years after diagnosis, with Intravenous pharmacologic #Ascorbic acid as his sole treatment, and he achieved objective regression of his disease.
• [1.11] [#Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA)] 
  Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) > chemotherapy > microbiota-derived tryptophan metabolite indole-3-acetic acid (3-IAA) is enriched in patients who respond to treatment. - Faecal microbiota transplantation, short-term dietary manipulation of tryptophan and oral 3-IAA administration increase the efficacy of chemotherapy in humanized gnotobiotic mouse models of PDAC. - In humans > a significant correlation between the levels of 3-IAA and the efficacy of therapy in two independent PDAC cohorts. - Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) > #Bacteroides fragilis and #Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron produced 3-IAA in vitro were increased in Responder patients.
• [1.12] 
  -The long-term survivors showed a relative abundance of Pseudoxanthomonas, Saccharropolyspora and Streptomyces. The presence of all three taxa, as well as the species Bacillus Clausii, predicted better outcomes for patients.

References Notes