Prevotella ⇒ Prevotella copri {10000121}

Shared Reference Notes

• [1.1] 
  - Prevotella copri aids in metabolizing fibers in healthy individuals and protects against bacterial invasion in high fiber, chow-fed mice, is yet associates with insulin resistance in prediabetic obese individuals and precipitates glucoregulatory impairments in diet-induced obese (DIO) mice.
• [1.2] [#Metabolic syndrome] 
  - The protective association between adherence to the #Mediterranean diet and cardiometabolic disease risk is significantly stronger among participants with decreased abundance of Prevotella copri.
• [1.3] [#Diabetes Type 2] [#High fibre diet] 
  - High fiber diet > Prevotella copri > improve glucose and insulin tolerance.
• [1.4] [#Western-style diet] 
  - P. copri appears to mediate metabolic dysfunction in Western diet-fed NHPs
• [1.5] [#Hypertension] 
  - Prevotella copri > thrives in a pro-inflammatory environment. - The superoxide reductase and phosphoadenosine phosphosulphate reductase encoded by Prevotella copri > may favor the development of inflammation. - Colonization with Prevotella copri > enhances body weight loss and exacerbates epithelial inflammation in colitis mouse model.
• [1.6] [#Non-industrialized envirounment] 
  - Non-industrialized countries > increased Prevotella copri, #Faecalibacterium prausnitzii and #Prevotella stercorea in #Infants.
• - Infants > after weaning > P. copri > rapidly dominant independently of other species.
• [1.7] [#Diabetes Type 2] 
  - Germ-free mice gavaged either with Prevotella copri or “responder” human-derived microbiomes containing P. copri showed improvements in glucose tolerance when fed standard chow diets, which was mechanistically associated with increased hepatic glycogen storage.
• - #Whole grains contain unique hemicellulose fibers, such as xylans and β-(1 → 3,1 → 4)-glucans, in addition to cellulose, resistant starches, and oligosaccharides. - #Whole grains > an enrichment of putative health-promoting organisms, such as Bifidobacterium and butyrate producers (Eubacterium rectale, Roseburia faecis, and Roseburia intestinalis), and enhancement of the SCFA producer Lachnospira, increased fecal acetate and total SCFAs, and reduced Enterobacteriaceae. - #Whole grains > glucose metabolism improved due to > High Prevotella/Bacteroides ratios and Prevotella copri abundance and microbial genes encoding for complex polysaccharide degradation were elevated
• [1.8] [#Multiple Sclerosis] 
  - differences were also observed between treated and untreated MS patients in the abundance of Prevotella copri, which has previously been suggested to have a protective effect against MS.
• [1.9] [#Irritable bowel syndrome] 
  - The relative abundance of Prevotella copri within IBS was significantly correlated with increased abdominal pain
• [#Multiple Sclerosis] - MS patients > reduced abundance of Prevotella copri, in stools of MS patients
• [1.11] 
  - #Obesity > expansion of Escherichia shigella in obese patients compared to healthy controls. - The family #Eubacterium coprostanoligenes and #Tannerellaceae, the genera #Eubacterium coprostanoligenes, #Lachnospiraceae NK4A136, #Parabacteroides, and Akkermansia, and the species Prevotella copri were microbial biomarkers of healthy people. - #Gammaproteobacteria and #Enterobacterales were biomarkers of being “Overweight”.
• [1.12] [#Parkinson’s Disease] [#Lipopolysaccharide] 
  - of the 29 species that are reduced in PD, only 1 is a canonical Gram-negative organism, Prevotella copri, which interestingly, produces an LPS that not only does not induce inflammation, but can inhibit TLR4 activation by others. - Eleven of the 55 species that are enriched in PD are canonical Gram-negative organisms including those with highly stimulatory LPS (#Escherichia coli, #Klebsiella species, and #Porphyromonas asaccharolytica).
• [#Parkinson’s Disease] - #Prevotella has been reported as decreased in PD by some and increased by others. - #Prevotella copri was decreased, and the pathogenic species of #Prevotella were increased as a group, confirming, and resolving the seemingly contradictory reports on #Prevotella.
• [1.13] [#Rheumatoid Arthritis] 
  - overabundance of Prevotella copri in early RA patients - proliferation of the genus Collinsela and some #Lactobacillus species. - Three mechanisms by which microbiota may contribute to RA pathogenesis were proposed: inflammatory responses (Prevotella copri and #Lactobacillus), molecular mimicry (Prevotella copri) and loss of intestinal barrier integrity (#Collinsella).
• [1.14] [#Cancer, #Melanoma] 
  - An #Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)-favorable response was characterized by an intestinal microbiome rich in bacteria such as #Oscillospira sp., #Clostridia UCG-014, #Lachnospiraceae UCG-010 sp., Prevotella copri, and a decrease in #Sutterella sp., #Lactobacillales, and #Streptococcus sp. - Patients who developed immune-related adverse events (irAEs) had an overall increased microbial diversity and richness, and a stool microbiome depleted in #Agathobacter.
• [1.15] [#Autism] 
  - P. copri and #Bacteroides fragilis both co-occurred with phages enriched in #Children with ASD or in neurotypical #Children
• [#Autism] - Prevotella copri was the second most enriched taxon when #IL-6 was in lower concentration and the sixth most enriched taxon when TGF-β was in lower concentration.
• [1.16] [#Bacteroides stercoris, #Bacteroides vulgatus] 
  - P. copri, B. stercoris, and B. vulgatus to be highly abundant in the baseline microbiomes of individuals in whom lifestyle interventions had only a minor impact on the microbial community’s structure. - They are highly stable in the absence of interventions suggesting their potential as biomarkers for microbiome stratification.
• [1.17] [#Malnutrition] 
• [1.18] [#Bacteroides caccae, #Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, #Streptococcus parasanguinis] [#Immune checkpoint inhibitor] 
  - The most distinctive species associated with ICI treatment response were F. prausnitzii, S. parasanguinis, B. caccae, and P. copri,
• [1.19] 
  - #Bacteroides fragilis and Prevotella copri (#Bacteroidetes), #Bifidobacterium longum and #Collinsella aerofaciens (#Actinobacteria), and #Helicobacter pylori (#Proteobacteria) can produce #Vitamin B6 as they have these biosynthetic mechanisms
• [#Bifidobacterium infantis, #Bifidobacterium longum, #Clostridioides difficile, #Kingella denitrificans, #Propionibacterium freudenreichii] - #Vitamin B12 producer are > #Pseudomonas denitrificans, #Bacillus megaterium, and Propionibacterium freudenreichi, #Bacteroides fragilis, Prevotella copri, #Clostridium difficile, #Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, #Ruminococcus lactaris, #Bifidobacterium animalis, B.infantis, B.longum, and #Fusobacterium varium
• [#Clostridioides difficile, #Lactobacillus bulgaricus, #Lactobacillus delbrueckii, #Limosilactobacillus (Lactobacillus) reuteri] - There are several bacteria that can produce #Folate in the gut, which include #Bacteroides fragilis, Prevotella copri, #Clostridium difficile, #Lactobacillus plantarum, L. reuteri, L. delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus, #Streptococcus thermophilus, #Bifidobacterium spp. (some species), #Fusobacterium varium, and #Salmonella enterica
• [#Escherichia coli] [#Biotin] - Bacteria that can produce vitamin B7 include #Bacteroides fragilis, Prevotella copri, #Fusobacterium varium, and #Campylobacter coli
• [#Niacin] - #Bacteroides fragilis, Prevotella copri, and #Ruminococcus lactaris can also produce vitamin B3 in the gut as they possess a vitamin B3 biosynthesis pathway
• [#Ankylosing spondylitis] [#Prevotella melaninogenica] - patients with AS and healthy controls, multiple #Prevotella species were relatively more abundant in the patient cohort. Among these, P. copri, P. melaninogenica, and #Prevotella sp. C561.
• - #Prevotella and P. copri-like operational taxonomic units were absent in children with #Autism suffering from gastrointestinal problems unrelated to their diet. - in another study, the relative abundance of P. copri was significantly higher in children with ASD than that in healthy controls. - enrichment of P. copri in patients with T2D and suggested P. copri as a potential biomarker.
• - high abundance of P. copri was often associated with low abundance of #Bacteroides.
• [#Cardiac valve calcification] - P. copri is a key microbe, particularly in patients with valve calcification.
• [#Chronic urticaria] - the relative abundance of P. copri, among other bacterial species, was significantly lower in patients with CU
• [#CVD] - P. copri was positively associated with high levels of low-density lipoprotein, which is a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases
• [#Diabetes Type 2] [#Branched-chain amino acids] - In individuals with insulin resistance, BCAA levels were high, according to metabolomic analysis. - These levels were attributed, at least in part, to the overabundance of P. copri in the gut microbiome of these patients. - Mice developed insulin resistance and a high BCAAs level when orally administered P. copri.
• [#Diabetes Type 2] - Patients with T2D, especially those on #Metformin only (rather than #Metformin and glibenclamide), had a higher relative abundance of P. copri than healthy controls
• - mothers carried P. copri during #Pregnancy were at lower risk for #Food Allergy, especially mothers who were on a high-fiber high-fat diet.
• [#Food Allergy] - P. copri was reported to be more abundant in healthy controls than in individuals with multiple food allergies
• [#Gastric carcinoma] - P. copri had a lower abundance in gastric tumor and peritumor microenvironments
• [#Graves’ orbitopathy] - In patients with GO, who had high levels of TRAb, the abundance of the family #Prevotellaceae, and P. copri species, in particular, in the gut microbial community was correlated with TRAb levels.
• [#Hypopharyngeal cancer, #Oropharyngeal cancer] - P. copri, were shortlisted as biomarkers for oropharyngeal and hypopharyngeal cancers.Citation
• [#Bacteriocins] - bacteriocin Lmo2776, produced by #Listeria monocytogenes, has an inhibitory effect on the growth of P. copri and may decrease its abundance,
• - In #Primary sclerosing cholangitis, a liver disease coupled with inflammation in the bile ducts, P. copri was negatively correlated with the disease, especially in patients with concurrent inflammatory bowel disease. - Enriching the gut microbiota with P. copri was shown to decrease cholestasis and #Liver fibrosis.
• - P. copri positively correlated with more severe #Liver fibrosis in #Children.
• - P. copri was more abundant in patients with stage I and stage II #Melanoma than in healthy individuals.
• [#Parkinson’s Disease] - patients with early stage PD, who did not receive anti-Parkinson treatment, levodopa (#L-Dopa), maintained a significantly lower relative abundance of P. copri
• - One of the key characteristics of P. copri is the expanded heterogeneity between strains.
• - #Wheat #Arabinoxylan promoted P. copri growth only in a dose-dependent manner and at a slower rate.
• - P. copri to easily adapt to the type of nutrients available in the gut: while some strains can degrade carbohydrates and fibers, others can biosynthesize #Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) from meat-based diets.
• [#Branched-chain amino acids, #Lipopolysaccharide] - P. copri can synthesize BCAAs, lipopolysaccharides, and #Tryptophan.
• - diet intervention of #Wheat peptides and the #Fucose-rich sulfated #Polysaccharide #Fucoidan reduced the relative abundance of P. copri
• - #Glucose was observed to accelerate P. copri growth under no specific conditions,
• - #Succinate production by P. copri was shown to enhance #Glucose metabolism and insulin level
• - #Starch and carboxymethyl cellulose did not promote P. copri growth.
• [#Western-style diet] - The Western diet is a high-fat, high-#Sugar, and low-fiber die significantly reduced the abundance of P. copri.
• - #Wheat bran extract, enriched in #Arabinoxylan oligosaccharides, enhances the growth of #Prevotella species, especially P. copri.
• - P. copri was relatively more abundant in patients with new-onset untreated #Rheumatoid Arthritis (NORA). - During an RA flare of a chronic patient on DMARDs, a peripheral blood mononuclear cell sample contained a P. copri HLA-DR-presented peptide. - This peptide was predicted to be derived from a P. copri 27-kDa protein and is believed to stimulate an immunogenic response via T-helper 1 cells. - P. copri 16S rRNA genes were detected in the synovial fluid of patients with NORA and chronic RA, albeit at low abundance. - correlation between anti-P. copri P27 antibodies with autoantibodies found in RA patients and proposed a potential causal role for P. copri in RA evolution and synovitis.
• [#Stroke] - P. copri is significantly more abundant in the gut microbiota of patients with acute cerebral infarction
• [1.21] [#Autoimmune disease] [#Parabacteroides distasonis] 
  - P. distasonis , along with Prevotella copri, increased IFN-gamma-producing cells, possibly a trigger for auto-immunity, and mouse models suggest that P. distasonis may be proinflammatory, activating pathogenic toxins and contributing to #Reactive Oxygen Species via catalase production.
• [#Rheumatoid Arthritis] - overabundance of Prevotella copri in early RA and loss of intestinal barrier integrity (possibly caused by increased bacteria like #Collinsella) may be responsible for the inflammatory response.
• [#Rheumatoid Arthritis] - Prevotella copri has been strongly implicated in new-onset untreated RA, with evidence immune reactivity to the bacterium in a subgroup of these patients.
• [#Rheumatoid Arthritis] - #Prevotella 7 and #Prevotella 9, the latter of which matched in identity to P. copri, have been associated with polygenic risk scores and genetic risk for RA.
• [1.22] 
  - the five most promising smORF-encoded peptides (SEPs) were encoded by diverse phyla from oral, skin, and gut body sites: #Faecalibacticin-3 (#Faecalibacterium prausnitzii), #Fusobacticin-2 (#Fusobacterium nucleatum), #Keratinobacin-1 (#Keratinibaculum paraultunense), #Staphylococcin-2 (#Staphylococcus capitis), and #Prevotellin-2 (Prevotella copri).
• [#Antibiotic Therapy] - #Prevotellin-2, cleared bacterial loads at a comparable level to the current gold standard polymyxin B and without notable toxicity to the mammalian host in either infection model.
• [1.23] [#Homosexuality] 
  - men who have sex with men (MSM) gut microbiomes are frequently dominated by members of the #Prevotellaceae family, including co-colonization of species from the Segatella copri complex and unknown #Prevotellaceae members.
• [1.24] [#Cirrhosis, #Metabolic associated fatty liver disease] 
  - in MAFLD > Microbiome composition was unique in patients with advanced #Fibrosis, who had enriched levels of Prevotella copri, the most predictive microbiome in the classifier.

References Notes