Probiotic {50000140} Record Keys Definition:Probiotic Queue:[ ] Details Initialisation date:2020-09-25 Specification: [ ] Meta Information Type:Probiotic Host:[ ] Zone:[ ] Notes: - Probiotics provide two different immunomodulatory effects: - immunostimulatory effect > activates Interleukin-12 (IL-12) production, induces natural killer (NK) cells, T helper cells (Th) - Th1 and Th2 cells, and acts against infection and allergy. - immunoregulatory effect > induces Interleukin (IL-10) and T regulatory (Treg) cell activation by Th2, dendritic cells (DCs), B cells, and monocytes for adaptive immunity of the host - Probiotics also show significant microbial killing properties through alveolar macrophage, neutrophils, natural killer cells.Shared Reference Notes [1.1] [#Alzheimer’s disease] [#Bifidobacterium breve] [1.2] [#Lactobacillus rhamnosus] [#Probiotic (Bifidobacter and Lactobacilus)] - Probiotic > #Covid-19 > The proportion who developed symptoms was 26.4% with LGG versus 42.9% with placebo, a significant difference. [1.3] [#CVD, #Dyslipidemia, #Postprandial lipidemia, #Diabetes Type 2] [#Berberine] - Prob+BBR superior to BBR or Prob alone in improving postprandial total cholesterol (pTC) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (pLDLc) levels with decrement of multiple species of postprandial lipidomic metabolites after 3 months follow-up. - This effect was linked to the changes of fecal #Bifidobacterium breve level responding to BBR alone or Prob+BBR treatment. - Four fadD genes encoding long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase > identified in the genome of this B. breve strain, and transcriptionally activated by BBR. - The activation of fadD by BBR could enhance FFA import and mobilization in B. breve and diliminish the intraluminal lipids for absorption to mediate the effect of Prob+BBR on PL. [1.4] [#Bifidobacterium longum, #Pediococcus pentosaceus] [1.5] [#Diabetes Type 2] - Probiotic supplements do not induce clinically significant reductions in HbA1c levels, but lead to marginally clinically significant reductions in fasting glucose and fasting insulin levels in patients with type 2 diabetes. - Compared with single-strain and low-dose probiotics, multi-strain and high-dose probiotics have a greater beneficial effect on glycemic homeostasis. [1.6] [#Pancreatic Cancer] [#Lactobacillus] [#Indole, #Tryptophan] [1.7] [#Probiotic (Bifidobacter and Lactobacilus)] [1.8] [#Obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome] [#Fecal Microbiota Transplantation] - IH-FMT mice exhibited increased aBP and TMAO levels, and impairments in aortic and coronary artery function that were abrogated by probiotic administration. [1.9] [#Depression] - Depressed individuals receiving the probiotic had ↓ circulating CRP. - Probiotic treatment, but not prebiotic treatment, decreased depressive symptoms. Probiotic treatment resulted in ↓ circulating #kynurenine/#Tryptophan ratio, when adjusting for #Isoleucine [1.11] [#Alzheimer’s disease] [#Saccharomyces boulardii] [#Amyloid-beta, #Lipopolysaccharide] - S. boulardii significantly reduced the elevated levels of serum interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α, as well as hippocampal levels of NLRP3 and caspase-1 in the LPS model. - S. boulardii alleviated amyloid-β deposition in the rat hippocampus. - S. boulardii could inhibit memory impairment, neuroinflammation, and amyloid-β accumulation induced by LPS, possibly by modifying the gut microbiota. [1.12] [#CVD] [#Short Chain Fatty Acid] [#Probiotic (Bifidobacter and Lactobacilus)] - Short-chain fatty acids and secondary #Bile Acids can decrease #Cholesterol levels by regulating #Cholesterol metabolism. - Microbial #Bile Salt hydrolases can increase #Cholesterol disposal rates by accelerating its conversion to #Bile Acids. - Probiotics from the genera Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium are efficient reducers of #Cholesterol levels in clinical studies. - Several candidate next-generation probiotics, including #Akkermansia muciniphila, #Bacteroides spp., #Clostridium spp., #Christensenella minuta, Eubacterium spp., and #Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, have been shown to decrease #Cholesterol levels in human or animal studies. [1.13] - widespread class of #Bacillus lipopeptides, the fengycins, eliminates S. aureus by inhibiting S. aureus quorum sensing—a process through which bacteria respond to their population density by altering gene regulation. - consumption of probiotic #Bacillus bacteria comprehensively abolished colonization by the dangerous pathogen #Staphylococcus aureus in a rural Thai population. [1.14] [#Alzheimer’s disease] - Probiotic combined with #Selenium supplementation in AD patients resulted in synergistic improvements in MMSE score, reductions in CRP, reductions in total antioxidant capacity, lower insulin levels, lower LDL levels, and lower serum triglycerides. [1.15] [#humanized Galactooligosaccharides] - probiotic #Bifidobacterium breve, plus the prebiotic galactooligosaccharides (GOS) > increased facial skin hydration (corneometer) and improved overall facial skin appearance (Visual Analog Scale) > lower urinary levels of phenol and p-cresol, presumably due to a beneficial effect of the study drink on gut flora. [#Natural Skin Microbiome] - probiotic #Lactobacillus johnsonii plus carotenoids reduced signs of UV-induced skin damage triggered by simulated or natural sun exposure. [#Natural Skin Microbiome] - probiotic #Lactobacillus plantarum > transepidermal water loss (TEWL) was much less in the probiotic group at Week 12. Wrinkle depth significantly decreased in the probiotic group by Week 12, along with significant improvement in skin gloss. - skin elasticity, improved 13.17% in the probiotic group after 4 weeks, and 21.73% after 12 weeks > facial skin anti-aging. [1.16] [#Lactobacillus acetotolerans] [1.17] [#Metabolic syndrome] [1.18] [#Allergic asthma] [#Acinetobacter lwoffii] - Repeated intranasal AL administration triggered a proinflammatory immune response particularly characterized by elevated levels of IL-6, and consequently, IL-6 induced IL-10 production in CD4+ T-cells. - Both IL-6 and IL-10, but not IL-17, were required for #Asthma protection. [1.19] [#Depression] [#Bifidobacterium animalis lactis, #Bifidobacterium bifidum, #Bifidobacterium longum, #Lactobacillus acidophilus] [#humanized Galactooligosaccharides] [#Combination of probiotics and polyphenol-rich prebiotics] - patients were administered a synbiotic containing L. acidophilus, B. bifidum, B. lactis, and B. longum with the prebiotics FOS, GOS and #Inulin. In a subset of patients with depressive symptoms, the synbiotic significantly reduced the depressive score compared to both the probiotic-alone and placebo groups, which correlated to an increase in #BDNF serum levels. [#Limosilactobacillus (Lactobacillus) reuteri] [#Indole-3-aldehyde] - probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri (Lr) translocates to, colonizes, and persists within #Melanoma, where via its released dietary #Tryptophan catabolite I3A, it locally promotes interferon-γ-producing CD8 T cells, thereby bolstering ICI (immune checkpoint inhibitor ). [1.21] [#Mild Cognitive Impairment] [#Aging, #Bacteriophage] - older adults with MCI had higher abundance of Lactococcus phage ul36 which specifically regulates the probiotic bacteria like #Lactococcus lactis (a common yogurt culture) [1.22] [#Olive] - #Lactobacillus, also elevated with EVOO consumption25,29 when administered in probiotic form, promoted a significant reduction in plasma total #Cholesterol levels in mice as well as human patients with hypercholesterolemia. [1.23] - Probiotic supplementation enhances both muscle mass and global #Muscle strength; however, no beneficial effects were observed in total lean mass. [1.24] [#Preterm birth] - Probiotic administration rendered the gut microbiota and resistome of extremely preterm #Infants more alike to term #Infants on day 7 and ameliorated GA-driven loss of microbiota interconnectivity and stability. [1.25] - There were no significant differences in diversity between the probiotic supplemented and the antibiotics alone groups after #Antibiotic Therapy. - there is no evidence that probiotic supplementation has a relevant effect on gut bacterial diversity during #Antibiotic Therapy. - The tendency of reduction in the B:F ratio was observed regardless of probiotic supplementation during #Antibiotic Therapy. - These changes after #Antibiotic Therapy, showed a restoration tendency after 8 weeks of follow-up. - The reduction of #Bacteroides was prevalent in the probiotic supplemented group in several cases, the background of which is unclear - Probiotic supplementation was able to maintain the level of #Bifidobacteria in newborns during #Antibiotic Therapy - Probiotic supplementation seems to reduce #Escherichia overgrowth during #Antibiotic Therapy. - The level of both #Escherichia and #Enterococcus tends to normalize after antibiotics cessation regardless of probiotics supplementation. [1.26] [#Lactobacillus acidophilus, #Lactobacillus rhamnosus, #Staphylococcus aureus] - L. rhamnosus did not affect the growth of TSS S. aureus but did inhibit the production of #Toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1) TSST-1; this effect was partially due to acidification of the growth medium. - L. acidophilus was both bactericidal and prevented the production of TSST-1 by S. aureus. This effect appeared to be partially due to acidification of the growth medium, production of H2O2, and production of other antibacterial molecules. - When both organisms were incubated with S. aureus, the effect of L. acidophilus LA-14 dominated. [1.27] [#Infants, #Milk Formula-feeding] - Probiotics in formula also failed to have any significant effect on growth, stool frequency or consistency. Probiotics did not lower the incidence of diarrhoea, colic, spitting up / regurgitation, crying, restlessness or vomiting. [1.28] [#Eubacterium hallii, #Eubacterium ramulus, #Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, #Fusicatenibacter saccharivorans] -supplementation with F. prausnitzii, F. saccharivorans, E. ramulus, and E. hallii, or other species both enriched and identified here as major taxonomic drivers of amino acid biosynthesis in the responder group, should be explored as a way to restore the metabolic flexibility required prior to microbiome-targeted lifestyle interventions. [1.29] [#Multiple Sclerosis] - #Lactate, produced by activated Dendritic cells (DCs) and other immune cells, boosts the expression of NDUFA4L2 through a mechanism mediated by hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α). - NDUFA4L2 limits the production of mitochondrial #Reactive Oxygen Species that activate XBP1-driven transcriptional modules in DCs that are involved in the control of pathogenic autoimmune T cells. - a probiotic that produces #Lactate and suppresses T cell autoimmunity through the activation of HIF-1α–NDUFA4L2 signalling in DCs. [#Lactobacillus paracasei] - the administration of L. paracasei Lpc-37 to subjects with #Chronic stress was found to significantly decrease Perceived stress (PSS). [1.31] - #Bifidobacteria can ferment fibre and produce the metabolites #Acetic acid, #Lactic acid, B vitamins and antibacterial molecules, making it an ideal choice for a probiotic [1.32] [#Lactobacillus farciminis] - Probiotic treatment with Lactobacillius farciminis in mice was also found to restore the hypothalamic levels of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF), which are elevated in response to stress related to restriction of movement [#Natural ear microbiota] - #Streptococcus salivarius (S. salivarius), a bacterial species which populates the mouth and gut in early neonatal developmentand which is commonly found in the respiratory tract, may have a beneficial influence on the ear microbiome. - The K12 strain of S. salivarius has specifically been recognized as a potential probiotic for treating #Otitis Media, due to the ability of this strain to target and suppress pathogenic bacteria in the ear. [1.33] [#Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder] - oral probiotic #Bifidobacterium bifidum (Bf-688) improves the clinical symptoms of ADHD. [#Autism] - The levels of oxytocin and #DHEA-S, which have been considered to be etiologies of ASD, were significantly lower in the plasma of #Children with ASD - decreased #DHEA-S levels and a lower #Bacteroidetes/#Firmicutes ratio which increased after probiotic implementation [#Autism] - reduced #D-arabinitol levels, a metabolite of #Candida species, in the urine of #Children with ASD after probiotic supplementation [#Autism] - TNF-α levels were strongly correlated with GI symptoms and showed a trend toward correlation with ASD severity. - Probiotic supplementation significantly decreased TNF-α levels in the feces of #Children with ASD. - probiotics may prevent gastrointestinal colonization by #Candida species [1.34] [#Metabolic associated fatty liver disease] - #Lactobacillus may be used as a probiotic to improve #Steatohepatitis through the gut microbiota–liver axis by modulating gut microbiota composition and the inflammatory pathway in NAFLD [1.35] [#Colorectal cancer] - #Lactobacillus plantarum (L. plantarum) is a #probiotic that has emerged as novel therapeutic agents #Cancer effects by increasing the cytotoxicity and death of CRC cells or reducing NLRP3 and ERK phosphorylation. [1.36] [#Irritable bowel syndrome] [1.37] [#Metabolic Dysfunction-associated Steatohepatitis] - Probiotics, such as #Bifidobacterium and #Lactobacillus strains, have been shown to reduce oxidative and inflammatory liver damage while also decreasing hepatic triglycerides (TG) and hepatic steatosis. [1.38] [#Depression] [#Bifidobacterium breve, #Limosilactobacillus (Lactobacillus) reuteri] [#Human breast milk] - Probiotic L. reuteri PBS072 and B. breve BB077 > at days 45 and 90, significantly ameliorated the mothers’ mood, the breastfeeding quality and improved the baby’s cries. [1.39] [#Omega 3, #β-Galacto-oligosaccharides] [#High fibre diet] - #Coprococcus abundance can be rapidly increased by fibre, galacto-oligosaccharides, or omega-3 fats supplementation, as well as by probiotic administration - #Prebiotic interventions are the most likely to result in changes to gut microbiome composition, followed by dietary interventions, and then probiotic interventions [1.41] - the probiotics reduced the abundance of #Alistipes and increased the level of #Pyrolobus, which is associated with lipid and vitamin metabolism, subsequently attenuating the development of #Hypertension. [1.42] [#Cancer] - similar L-#Lactate-producing #Lactic acid #Bacteria commensal to other body sites are also significantly associated with survival in colorectal, lung, head and neck, and skin cancers. [#Cancer] - that #Lactic acid bacteria in the tumor microenvironment can alter tumor metabolism and #Lactate signaling pathways, causing therapeutic resistance. [1.43] [#Radiofrequency field] - #Lactobacillus, the probiotic in #Firmicutes, showed a significantly increased abundance after 3 weeks RF exposure [1.44] [#Lipopolysaccharide] - probiotic #Lactobacillus fermentum CECT5716 can regulate intestinal microecology, increase intestinal density, reduce LPS in serum, restore Th17/Treg balance, and inhibit vascular endothelial #Oxidative stress [1.45] [#Colorectal cancer, #Esophageal cancer, #Gastric carcinoma] - #Ferrichrome, produced by the probiotic #Lactobacillus casei, exhibited anti-tumor effects in various gastrointestinal cancers, including colorectal and gastric cancers, with minimal effects on non-cancerous intestinal cells. [1.46] [#Akkermansia muciniphila] [#Probiotic (A. muciniphila)] - the outer membrane protein of A. muciniphila, known as Amuc_1100 > stable even after pasteurization and has the ability to interact with toll-like receptor 2, thereby enhancing the function of the intestinal barrier > contributes to some of the probiotic effects. [1.47] [#Condition of chronic stress] - stressed animals had a decrease in the abundance of #Lactobacillus after stress and continued with many groups showing that oral administration of a #Lactobacillus probiotic can alleviate the #Anxiety- and #Depression-like behavior in a multitude of models [1.48] [#Short Chain Fatty Acid] [#Prebiotic] - A 12-week multi-species synbiotic supplementation in patients with #Dyslipidemia resulted in significant increases in fecal SCFAs including #Acetate, #Butyrate, #Propionate, and #Valerate in the intervention group. [1.49] [#Irritable bowel syndrome] - Only IBS-SD with probiotic showed a significant rise in #Serotonin serum levels [#Osteoporosis] [#Limosilactobacillus (Lactobacillus) reuteri] - L. reuteri > Could reduce bone loss associated with estrogen deficiency in an ovariectomized (Ovx) mouse menopausal model. - Osteoclast bone resorption markers and activators (Trap5 and RANKL) as well as osteoclastogenesis are significantly decreased in L. reuteri-treated mice. - L. reuteri treatment may be a straightforward and cost-effective approach to reduce post-menopausal bone loss.References Notes [1.52]
