Notes:
- psoriatic lesions tend to have higher Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, and Corynebacterium kroppenstedtii. Both Staphylococci and Propionibacterium were present at lower levels, while Proteobacteria was present at higher levels in psoriasis than in healthy adults.
- Among bacterial species with higher abundance in the psoriasis gut microbiome, Bacteroides vulgatus and Parasutterella excrementihominis have been associated with other immune-mediated diseases.
- Increased intestinal colonization of Bacteroides vulgatus and elevated Bacteroides vulgatus reactive serum antibodies have been reported in ulcerative colitis patients.
- Moreover, colonization of Bacteroides vulgatus is sufficient to promote colitis in several animal models, which further supports the active role of Bacteroides vulgatus in development of colitis.
- The abundance of Akkermansia muciniphila was significantly reduced in patients with psoriasis .
- A. muciniphila is believed to have an important function in the pathogenesis of IBD and obesity; therefore, A. muciniphila, which is an indicator of health status, may be a key node for psoriasis as well as IBD and obesity. (1)