Formate {60000105} Record Keys Parent:[ ] Definition:Formate Queue:[ ] Details Initialisation date:2020-10-18 Specification: [ ]Source: [ ] Meta Information Structural Type:[ ] Functional Type:[ ] Function:[ ] Notes: [ ]Shared Reference Notes [1.1] [#Colorectal cancer] [#Hydrogen sulfide] - #Fusobacterium nucleatum, a Gram negative, anaerobic bacterium over-represented in CRC tissues, is a H2S-producer. - F. nucleatum also produces the metabolite formate, which triggers AhR and increases cancer cell stemness and invasiveness. [1.2] [#Infants] Infant > High abundances of #Lactate, #Pyruvate and formate reflect an immature microbiome since these metabolites are typically converted into other metabolites in the #Adult gut. [#Infants] Infant > Weaning > increased #Lactate, #Pyruvate, and Formate [1.3] [#Alzheimer’s disease, #Mild Cognitive Impairment] - decreased formate among individuals with AD and MCI suggests alterations in #Tryptophan degradation in AD. [#Alzheimer’s disease] - formate metabolism is altered in individuals with AD also due to genetic variations, which could lead to changes in formate urine secretion in addition to microbial formate production. - urinary formate has been already suggested as a new potential biomarker for #Alzheimer’s disease. - diminished formate microbial secretion > decreased formate and #Fumarate concentrations in AD. [1.4] [#Colorectal cancer] [#Fusobacterium nucleatum] [#Short Chain Fatty Acid] - F. nucleatum-derived short-chain fatty acid formate > CRC cell stemness and invasion [1.5] - arabinogalactan > lead to an increase in #Bifidobacterium population and to the acidification of the medium due to the important concentrations of formate, #Acetate and #Lactate produced by this genus when fermenting #Cranberry xyloglucans. - Formate, #Acetate and #Lactate exert antibacterial effects and pH reduction to which #Bacteroides is sensitive [1.6] [#Alzheimer’s disease] - that microbial formate secretion capacity was lower in AD microbiomes. - changes in microbial formate production, due to differences in microbiome composition, would be responsible for the reduced urine formate secretion in AD patients [#Alzheimer’s disease] - microbial-derived #Tryptophan degradation as one of the primary microbial sources of formate. - #Tryptophan depletion increases cognitive deficits among people with AD and the bioavailability of metabolites in the #Serotonin and #kynurenine pathways are altered in both the urine and serum of AD patients References Notes[ ]
