Disease ⇒ Sjögren syndrome  {40000122}

Shared Reference Notes

• [1.1] 
  - The pSS patients had less beneficial or commensal #Butyrate-producing bacteria and a higher proportion of opportunistic pathogens with proinflammatory activity, which may impair intestinal barrier function and therefore contribute to inflammatory processes associated with pSS by increasing the production of proinflammatory cytokines and decreasing the release of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 and the peripheral FOXP3 mRNA expression, implicated in the development and function of regulatory T cells (Treg) cells.
• -At the genera level, gut dysbiosis showed an increase in the abundance of the mucin-degrading and enteric pathogens #Prevotella, Clostridium, Enterobacter, Escherichia, and Streptococcus and a depletion in the relative abundance of Bacteroides, Parabacteroides, Faecalibacterium, Roseburia, Ruminococcus, Dorea, Alistipes, Blautia and Bifidobacterium. - #Prevotella contains enzymes that are important in mucin degradation, which may disrupt the colonic mucus barrier and increase intestinal permeability allowing the diffusion of pathogens, toxins, and antigens from the luminal environment into the mucosal tissues and circulatory system, resulting in the immune activation and tissue inflammation important in the onset or progression of several intestinal and chronic autoimmune diseases.
• - pSS patients had gut dysbiosis associated with increased serum levels of proinflammatory cytokines including IL-6, IL-12, IL-17 and TNF-alpha (systemic inflammation) and #Zonulin (intestinal permeability) that resulted in increased systemic microbial exposure.
• [1.2] 
  - peptides from oral bacteria could activate Ro60-reactive T cells, followed by the activation of B cells to plasma cells that produce SS antigen A .
• - in SS > The most abundant significantly mutative taxonomy (OTU001) was #Veillonella parvula.
• [#Veillonella parvula] - Elevated dysbiosis of V. parvula can initiate the progression of SS. - V. parvula, as an immunomodulatory commensal bacterium, may serve as a unique microbial biomarker for SS.
• - the relative abundance of #Veillonella in SS patients with higher DMFT was reported to be higher than the abundance in healthy controls
• [1.3] 
  - Sjogren’s syndrome > an increase in #Bacteroidetes, an opportunistic commensal, and a decrease in #Firmicutes and #Faecalibacterium > decreased Treg cells - the degree of dysbiosis was partly correlated with the severity of ocular surface disease.
• [1.4] [#Diabetes Type 1, #Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, #Psoriasis] 
  Patients with psoriatic disease had a significantly higher risk of #Crohn’s disease , #Ulcerative Colitis, #Systemic lupus erythematosus, #Rheumatoid Arthritis, #Ankylosing spondylitis , #Alopecia areata, and type 1 diabetes. - the risk of #Graves’ disease, Hashimoto’s disease, Sjögren’s syndrome, and #Systemic sclerosis was not significantly different between the groups.
• [1.5] 
  - preceding sinusitis was associated with increased risk of several rheumatic diseases, including #antiphospholipid syndrome , Sjögren’s disease , #Vasculitis and #Polymyalgia rheumatica. - Acute sinusitis was also associated with increased risk of seronegative #Rheumatoid Arthritis. - Sinusitis was most associated with any rheumatic disease in the 5-10 years before disease onset

References Notes