Disease ⇒ Juvenile idiopathic arthritis {40000216}

Shared Reference Notes

• [1.1] [#Inflamatory bowel disease] 
  - HLA-B27 spondyloarthropathies (SpA) > #Ankylosing spondylitis, #Reactive arthritis, #Psoriatic Arthritis, juvenile idiopathic arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, #Acute anterior uveitis, and undifferentiated SpA > segmented filamentous bacteria (SFB) have been illustrated to be a common culprit in initiating an arthritogenic reaction. - The Th17 response, induced in the mesenteric lymph nodes by dendritic cells, in such patients specifically targets SFB, resulting in a breach in the mucosal barrier. - This is thought to result from cross-reactivity between HLA-B27 and pathogenic surface antigens. - Other enteric gram-negative pathogens, which mimic HLA-B27, associated with SpA and uveitis include #Shigella, #Chlamydia and #Yersinia
• [1.2] 
  - ABIS JIA had higher abundance of #Acidaminococcales, #Prevotella 9, and #Veillonella parvula and lower abundance of #Coprococcus, #Subdoligranulum, #Phascolarctobacterium, #Dialister spp., #Bifidobacterium breve, #Fusicatenibacter saccharivorans, #Roseburia intestinalis, and #Akkermansia muciniphila
• [#Human breast milk] - taxa associated with ABIS JIA had a significant association with shorter durations of breastfeeding, including #Acidaminococcales, #Prevotella 9, #Parabacteroides distasonis, and several ASVs belonging to #Bacteroides, #Veillonella parvula, #Turicibacter sanguinis, #Eggerthella lenta, and P. distasonis.
• [#Antibiotic Therapy] - #Prevotella 9 and #Acidaminococcales were higher in ABIS JIA, #Infants with antibiotic exposures, and #Infants who had #Siblings.
• [#Akkermansia muciniphila] - A muciniphila, a bacterium shown to have numerous positive effects on intestinal homeostasis, epithelial development, and gut barrier function, was significantly reduced in #Infants with future JIA.
• [#Roseburia hominis] - In JIA > reduced #Anaerostipes, #Dialister, #Lachnospira, and #Roseburia have been correlated with rheumatic clinical indices including antibodies, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and clinical JIA disease activity score. - #Dialister, #Lachnospira, and #Roseburia (#Roseburia hominis in 0% of ABISJIA) were three of five genera reduced in ABISJIA, as well as an ASV belonging to #Anaerostipes.
• [#Antibiotic Therapy] - Increased risk of JIA was observed in #Children exposed to antibiotics early in life.
• - Low levels of #Arachidonic acid (AA) and #Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) have been described in the active phase of JIA, with total n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) lower in JIA and negatively correlated with inflammation.
• [#Blautia faecis] - #Blautia faecis was completely absent in ABIS JIA but occurred in half of controls; a reduced incidence of #Blautia has been previously noted cross-sectionally.
• [#Human breast milk] - ABIS JIA were breastfed for a significantly shorter time.
• - #Lachnoclostridium was less abundant in ABISJIA, as in #Children with existing JIA.
• [#Omega 3] - Omega-3 fatty acids have also been shown to improve active joint counts, swollen joints, TNF-alpha, interluekin-1 (IL-1), and disease activity in #Children with JIA, reducing the inflammatory response and clinical manifestation
• - In ABIS, #Parabacteroides distasonis in stool at one year was associated with 6.7-increased odds of later contracting JIA (9.0-increased odds after propensity matching).
• - increased #Prevotella 9 prevalence was found in #Infants who later developed JIA compared to matched controls
• [1.3] [#Autism, #Metabolic associated fatty liver disease, #Metabolic Dysfunction-associated Steatohepatitis] 
  - #Methyl isobutyl ketone, the highest ketone associated with ASD, we assume that its presence probably derived from the gut microbial imbalance of patients. This metabolite has also been described for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)/nonalcoholic #Steatohepatitis (NASH) (Del Chierico et al., 2017) and for Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA)

References Notes