Clostridiaceae ⇒ Clostridium {10000270}

Shared Reference Notes

• [1.1] [#Polycystic ovary syndrome] 
  - #Lactobacillus given to letrozole-treated (induces PCOS) rats reduced androgen levels, improved estrous cyclicity, normalized ovarian morphology, as well as increased #Lactobacillus and Clostridium species and decreased #Prevotella.
• [1.2] 
  - Clostridium spp. destroy tumors by secreting exotoxins that damage the membrane structures of #Cancer cells and enter cells to disrupt essential cellular functions. - The introduction of Clostridium spp. recruits CD8+ T cells, granulocytes, and macrophages to the infection area and induces the release of TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) from neutrophils.
• [1.3] [#Crohn’s disease] 
  - Gut species found to be significantly depleted in CD compared to control include: #Faecalibacterium prausnitzii , #Roseburia inulinivorans and #Alistipes senegalensis. - While Clostridium nexile and #Ruminococcus gnavus were found to be enriched.
• [1.4] [#Bile Acids] [#Western-style diet] 
  - WD consumption in conjunction with Clostridium spp. increased the secondary bile acid deoxycholic acid levels in the ileum, which in turn inhibited Paneth cell function.
• [1.5] [#Diabetes Type 2] 
  - Clostridium > negative correlation with with fasting glucose and HbA1c levels > decreased insulin resistance.
• [1.6] [#Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis] 
  - ALS in mice> altered bacterial community related to autoimmunity (e.g., Clostridium sp. ASF502, #Lachnospiraceae bacterium A4), inflammation (e.g., #Enterohabdus Muris,), and metabolism (e.g., #Desulfovibrio fairfieldensis) at 1- and 2-month-old SOD1G93A mice, suggesting the early microbial contribution to the pathological changes.
• [1.7] [#Alzheimer’s disease] [#Bacillus firmus] 
  - B. firmus, Rikenella, Clostridium sp. Culture-27, and #Deoxyuridine, may play important roles in AD pathology.
• [1.8] 
  - the intestines and colon are enriched with anaerobes including the Clostridium and #Faecalibacterium genera.
• [1.9] [#Lipopolysaccharide] [#Antibiotic Therapy, #Condition of chronic stress] 
  - stressor exposed mice had significantly altered community structure of their gut microbiota, with decreased abundance of the genus #Bacteroides and increased abundance of the genus Clostridium. This was accompanied by increased circulating levels of IL-6 and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1). - In a follow-up experiment, animals were fed an antibiotic cocktail in the morning and evening by oral gavage, beginning three days before the stressor and continuing to the end of the experiment. Antibiotic treatment prevented the increases in IL-6 and MCP-1. - mice receiving the stressor had elevated hepatic portal blood levels of LPS (from the gastrointestinal draining vein) and elevated mRNA expression of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF in the hypothalamus, though no changes in circulating cytokines. Pretreatment with L. farciminis, antibiotics, and ML-7 all prevented these increases.
• [#Culinary herbs and spices] - six of seven aqueous culinary spice extracts of oregano, ginger, rosemary, cinnamon, black pepper and cayenne pepper were able to promote the growth of #Bifidobacterium spp. in vitro, whereas turmeric was not. - stimulation of #Lactobacillus spp. and inhibition of certain Clostridium spp. by all seven spices. - increase in most Clostridium spp. after turmeric and curcumin intervention in a human study.
• [1.11] [#CVD] [#Short Chain Fatty Acid] [#Probiotic, #Probiotic (Bifidobacter and Lactobacilus)] 
  - Short-chain fatty acids and secondary #Bile Acids can decrease #Cholesterol levels by regulating #Cholesterol metabolism. - Microbial #Bile Salt hydrolases can increase #Cholesterol disposal rates by accelerating its conversion to #Bile Acids. - Probiotics from the genera Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium are efficient reducers of #Cholesterol levels in clinical studies. - Several candidate next-generation probiotics, including #Akkermansia muciniphila, #Bacteroides spp., Clostridium spp., #Christensenella minuta, Eubacterium spp., and #Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, have been shown to decrease #Cholesterol levels in human or animal studies.
• [1.12] 
  - levels of #Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, Bacteroides–Prevotella group, #Atopobium Cluster, #Enterobacter spp. and Clostridium Cluster IV were higher in BD patients than healthy subjects along with a reduced Bifidobacteria to Enterobacteriaceae ratio,
• [1.13] 
  - Butyrylated high-amylose maize resistant starch decreased red meat-derived pro-mutagenic adduct O6-methyl-2-deoxyguanosine and related CRC risk. - Certain #Butyrate-producing bacteria such as Clostridium, #Ruminococcus, #Faecalibacterium spp., #Eubacterium spp., and #Roseburia, were found to decrease in relative frequency in CRC patients. - #Butyrate inhibited the growth of CRC cells and induced their apoptosis in vitro at pharmacologically high concentrations.
• [1.14] [#Plastics] 
  - #Muribaculaceae decreased and Clostridium increased in disposable paper cups group.
• [1.15] 
  - Five bacterial phyla including #Firmicutes, #Bacteroidetes, #Actinobacteria, #Proteobacteria, and #Fusobacteria can participate in #Tryptophan metabolism, being those belonging to the Clostridium, #Burkholderia, #Streptomyces, #Pseudomonas or #Bacillus genera the most important modulators
• [1.16] [#High-protein diet] 
  - Excessive protein intake > causing the growth of protein fermenting bacteria as Clostridium, #Desulfovibrio, #Peptostreptococcus, #Acidaminococcus, #Veillonella, #Propionibacterium, Bacillus, #Bacteroides, #Staphylococcus, and other species of the #Proteobacteria family, and the loss of carbohydrate fermenting bacteria such as #Bacteroides, #Lactobacillus, #Bifidobacterium, #Prevotella, #Ruminococcus, #Roseburia, and #Faecalibacterium.
• [1.17] [#Infants] 
  - Bacterial genera commonly found in the infant small intestine include #Lactobacillus, Clostridium, #Staphylococcus, #Streptococcus, #Bacteroides, and #Bifidobacterium
• [#Human breast milk] - Phosphatidylethanolamines (PEs) are integral to the outer Milk fat globules bilayer membrane, and while they are important for human cell proliferation during early life, some bacteria of the Clostridium and #Enterococcus genera use ethanolamine as a source of carbon and nitrogen.
• [1.18] 
  - Clostridium ssp. are required for the biotransformation of catecholamines into their bioactive form owing to their β-glucuronidase enzymes.
• [1.19] [#Anorexia nervosa] [#Clostridium bolteae, #Clostridium innocuum] 
  - In AN : #Erysipelatoclostridium ramosum, #Blautia species CAG, and Enterocloster bolteae innocuum (Clostridium) were increased.
• [#Anorexia nervosa] - IN AN > Clostridium counts correlated positively with eating disorder scores.
• [#Inflamatory bowel disease] [#Clostridioides difficile, #Fusobacterium nucleatum] - F. nucleatum coexists with Clostridium through adhesin RadD, encouraging the intestinal mucus layer’s bacterial biofilm formation in IBD patients. This symbiotic relationship accelerates the extracellular polysaccharides-producing process and chemotaxis level of C. difficile
• [1.21] [#Natural Small intestine Microbiome] 
  - Only select bacteria, including Clostridium, #Lactobacillus, and #Enterococcus species, are able to penetrate, or attach to, the mucus layer at the epithelium and use the mucus as an energy source
• [1.22] 
  - Extra-virgin #Olive oil ingestion in rodents also can promote the growth of certain types of beneficial #Bacteria including species of #Lactobacillus, #Bifidobacterium, #Bacteroides, and Clostridium, and members of the Erysipelotrichaeae.

References Notes