Disease ⇒ Celiac Disease {40000207} Record Keys Type:Disease Parent:[ ] Definition:Celiac Disease Details Initialisation date:[ ] Other Terms:CD, Coaliac disease LinksWickipediaMerck Manual Meta Information MedDra ID:10009839 MedDra Level:pt ICD:[ ] Category:Gastroenterology, Immunology Zone:[ ] Mechanism:[ ] Notes: - Inflammation in celiac disease primarily occurs in the upper small intestine known as the duodenum, and microbial changes that occur in feces may not reflect the changes that occur in the small intestine.Shared Reference Notes [1.1] - Subspecies of the #Rothia genus have been identified as playing a critical role in the degradation of #Gluten within the mouth and upper gastrointestinal tract. - #Gluten proteins are difficult to digest by mammalian proteolytic enzymes and recent studies have highlighted microorganism derived enzymes which aid in breaking down these proteins. - #Rothia spp., contain not only the enzymes necessary for protein degradation but also have enzymes that target the immunogenic epitopes that play a crucial role in celiac disease. [1.2] - H. pylori has a mild protective role against celiac disease. Although this negative association is not strong. [1.3] - increase in Actinobacteria species in the upper tract (pharynx and duodenum), and an increase in Proteobacteria in the lower tract (duodenum and stool). - The effect of adherence to a gluten-free diet (GFD) evidenced by an increase in beneficial bacteria and a decrease in some Betaproteobacteriales but not fully restoring CeD-related dysbiosis. - gut microbiota acts as an enhancer of immune response in CeD through the production of lipopolysaccharides and other bacterial components that activate the immune response and by decrease SCFA producers bacteria. [1.4] [1.5] [1.6] [#Nonceliac gluten sensitivity] [#Gluten-free diet (GFD)] - Pre-existing fecal microbiome diversity was unaffected by gluten challenge in adult subjects with CD and NCGS. These findings suggest that current microbiome status is unrelated to current disease activity and disease severity. [1.7] [#Obesity] [1.8] - Microbiota composition and predicted function in Celiac Disease was largely determined by intestinal location. In the duodenum, but not stool, there was higher abundance of #Escherichia coli, #prevotella salivae, and #Neisseria. - #Neisseria, an opportunistic pathogen previously found to be increased in patients with active celiac disease, was associated with more severe enteropathy. - Expression of microbial glutamate carboxypeptidase was lower in the duodenum of celiac patients, and its decrease in mice also correlated with impaired gluten degradation, suggesting a potential candidate for future therapeutic development. [1.9] [#Migraine] [#CGRP, #Glutamate, #Serotonin] [#Clostridium cluster XIVa] [#Taurodeoxycholic acid (TDCA)] - 26 plasma metabolites, five cytokines, and one chemokine were significantly altered in CD progressors at age 5. - CD > 2-fold increase in TDCA. - TDCA feeding alone stimulates an inflammatory immune response in the small intestines of C57BJ/6 mice and causes villous atrophy, the hallmark of CD. - TDCA, a microbiota-derived metabolite, enriched in CD progressors’ plasma, has the potential to drive inflammation in the small intestines and enhance CD pathogenesis. - TDCA, is a conjugated bile acid that is mainly produced by gut microbes, particularly Clostridium XIVa and Clostridium XI, with 7-α-dehydroxylation of taurocholic acid and cholic acid. - TDCA was previously shown to be a proinflammatory metabolite. - several Clostridium XIVa ASVs were significantly more abundant in CD samples, especially at age 5. - Clostridium XIVa ASVs were highly targeted by IgA in CD progressors. [1.11] [#Bipolar disorder, #Inflamatory bowel disease, #Irritable bowel syndrome] - IBS , celiac disease and IBD have been associated with an increment in the risk of developing BD. [1.12] - Extracellular proteins from #Streptococcus pneumoniae and #Granulicatella sp. displayed a strong sequence, structural and physical similarities of the two most relevant #Gluten pathogenic peptides (#Gliadin peptides), the 33-mer and p31-43 #Gliadin peptides. [1.13] - #Bacillus subtilis LZU-GM was isolated from Pakistani traditional fermented sourdough and could degrade 73.7% of #Gluten in 24 h in vitro. - The #Gluten degradation was 3-fold higher in the small intestine of the strain LZU-GM treated mice group. - #Gluten-treated mice established positive antigliadin antibodies (AGA) in serum (IgA, IgG, and anti-TG2 antibodies) as compared to the strain LZU-GM treatment group. - the number of IFN-γ, TNF-α, #IL-10, and COX-2 cells decrease in the lamina propria of the strain LZU-GM treatment group. - Microbial community bar plot analysis showed that #Lactobacillus, #Dubosiella, and #Enterococcus genera were restored and stabilized in the LZU-GM treatment group while #Blautia and #Ruminococcus were found lower. [1.14] [#Inflamatory bowel disease] - increased risk of developing IBD in patients with Celiac Disease as compared to the general population - The abnormal #Butyrate production by microbiome is recognised as a cause of higher expression of non-functional form of FOXP3, which is associated with an enlarged risk of autoimmunity - #Pseudomonas spp., which is abundant in CD patients, was responsible for an alteration of the intestinal mucosal barrier, as well as an activation of specific T-cells. [1.15] - The composition of the gut microbiome is altered in patients with Celiac Disease, with a greater presence of species from the #Staphylococcus genus observed [1.16] - patients with celiac disease showed the abundance of #Streptococcus, #Lactobacillus, #Veillonella, and #Allisonella species, while the abundance of #Ruminococcus, #Faecalibacterium, #Blautia, #Gemmiger, and #Anaerostipes was decreased. - higher concentrations of five metabolites, namely 1-oleoylglycerophosphoethanolamine, 1palmitoylglycerophosphoethanolamine, 1,6-anhydroglucose, #Phenylacetylglutamine, #Tryptophan #Betaine, were strongly linked to higher celiac disease risk - Increased numbers of #Bifidobacteria appeared to be linked to a higher risk of celiac disease, while #Lentisphaerae, #Coprobacter and #Subdoligranulum showed a potential association with a lower celiac disease risk. - 10undecenoate and #Tyrosine were associated with a lower celiac disease risk. [1.17] - Bacteroides vulgatus is increased in Infants with the genotype of high risk of celiac disease development. - Increased Bacteroides fragilis increase the risk for celiac disease development in genetically predisposed infants who were formula-fed. - Polysaccharide A produced by Bacteroides fragilis direct the immune system via its ability to direct the development of CD4+ T cells, thus inducing the differentiation of Th1-lineage. - Increased abundance of Bacteroides may contribute to the Th1 response found in the small intestinal mucosa of celiac disease patients. [1.18] [#Vitamin D] - #Vitamin D deficiency was observed in both Celiac NRCD clusters, suggesting its relevance in the context of NRCD. - Non-responsive celiac disease (NRCD) poses a challenge for clinicians due to the persistence of symptoms despite maintaining a #Gluten-free diet (GFD). - NRCD > Cluster 1 displayed a microbiome associated with immune homeostasis and gut barrier integrity, potentially lowering inflammation and symptom severity. - NRCD > Cluster 2 had a distinct microbiome linked to #Lactate production, Th17 activation, possibly contributing to heightened inflammation and gastrointestinal symptoms. [1.19] - At age 9 mo, a dietary pattern higher in the food groups vegetable fats and milk was associated with reduced risk of CDA [#Oat] - At 24 mo, a dietary pattern higher in the food groups #Wheat, vegetable fats, and juices, and lower in milk, meat, and oats at age 24 mo was associated with increased risk of CDA and celiac disease [#Bacteroides vulgatus] - B. vulgatus-A2 strain may exert a protective role by acting on the gut epithelium with a coordinated action involving protection against loss of barrier function, cell death and pro-inflammatory cytokine production. - this unique strain isolated from controls and not present in cases had several mutations compared to the ATCC 8482 reference strain that affects its capacity to regulate metabolic pathways of the host related to inflammatory response and barrier function. - B. vulgatus-A2 CFS was able to ameliorate the gliadin-induced cell damage and increased epithelial permeability. - B. vulgatus-A2 strain protective effect against gluten > could act through miRNAs reprogramming in the celiac gut epithelium. - #Gluten-derived peptides signal through MYD88-dependent activation of the CXCR3 receptor to promote secretion of #IL-8 and upregulation of paracellular permeability in the epithelium via #Zonulin release. [1.21] [#Tryptophan] - CeD patients has a reduced capacity of converting Trp into metabolites capable of activating the #AHR, leading to intestinal inflammation References Notes[ ]
