Probiotic (Bifidobacter and Lactobacilus) {50000117}

Shared Reference Notes

• [1.1] 
  The probiotics improve ( Bifidobacterium (eg, B. longum, B. breve , and B. infantis ) and Lactobacillus (eg, L. helveticus , and L. rhamnosus ) psychiatric disorder-related behaviors including anxiety, depression, autism spectrum disorder (ASD), obsessive-compulsive disorder, and memory abilities, including spatial and non-spatial memory.
• [1.2] 
  - The administration of a probiotic cocktail, composed of #Lactobacillus rhamnosus and #Lactobacillus helveticus, reduced the symptoms of #Depression and anxiety
• [1.3] 
  - Certain probiotic bacteria reportedly demonstrated effects in suppressing and regressing #Cancer. - Their mechanisms include maintaining physicochemical conditions in the colon (e.g., pH and bile acid profile), balancing the quantity of beneficial gut microbiota members through the production of short-chain fatty acids, reducing the abundance of putrefactive bacteria producing enzymes such as azoreductase, β-glucosidase, β-glucuronidase, and nitroreductase, binding and degrading mutagenic compounds, as well as performing immunomodulatory activities. - Experimentations with wild-type probiotics have been performed against not only colorectal #Cancer, but also other cancers such as bladder, breast, cervical, and liver cancers. - Instead of oral administration, probiotics can also be delivered locally at tumor sites, which can reduce non-specific pharmacological effects on non-tumor tissues.
• [1.4] 
  - Bacteria present in probiotics, particularly the common Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium microbes, have been found to induce anti-#Cancer action by enhancing #Cancer cell apoptosis and protecting against oxidative stress. - Probiotics supplements also decrease the #Cancer-producing microorganism #Fusobacterium.
• [1.5] [#Pregnancy] 
  - Probiotic supplementation > significantly reduced the severity of nausea, vomiting, constipation, and improved life quality in pregnant women. - Probiotic intake increased fecal bsh (bile salt hydrolase) > free #Bile Acids > facilitate intestinal mobility and metabolism > associated with lower vomiting scores.
• [1.6] 
  -Lactobacillus salivarius and Bifidobacterium infantis >Transepithelial calcium transport >Enhanced intestinal calcium uptake
• [1.7] [#Lactobacillus rhamnosus] 
  - #Probiotic > #Covid-19 > The proportion who developed symptoms was 26.4% with LGG versus 42.9% with placebo, a significant difference.
• [1.8] [#Depression] [#Lactobacillaceae] 
  - Lactobacillus reuteri and #Bifidobacterium adolescentis Probitica > reduction in depressive symptoms at four and eight weeks of treatment, and #Anxiety symptoms at four weeks. > improvement in #Sleep quality. - Lactobacillus reuteri and #Bifidobacterium adolescentis Probitica > decrease in serum interleukin-6 levels. - Lactobacillus reuteri and #Bifidobacterium adolescentis Probitica > increased #Bifidobacteriaceae and Lactobacillacea, whereas it decreased #Enterobacteriaceae in the gut microbiota composition.
• [1.9] 
• [#Diabetic nephropathy] - Probiotics affected lipid metabolism parameters with decreasing triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) levels in patients with DKD. - Probiotics could also could improve inflammation and oxidative stress by decreasing high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), plasma malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), glutathione (GSH) and nitric oxide (NO).
• [1.11] [#Probiotic] 
• [1.12] [#CVD] [#Short Chain Fatty Acid] [#Probiotic] 
  - Short-chain fatty acids and secondary #Bile Acids can decrease #Cholesterol levels by regulating #Cholesterol metabolism. - Microbial #Bile Salt hydrolases can increase #Cholesterol disposal rates by accelerating its conversion to #Bile Acids. - Probiotics from the genera Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium are efficient reducers of #Cholesterol levels in clinical studies. - Several candidate next-generation probiotics, including #Akkermansia muciniphila, #Bacteroides spp., #Clostridium spp., #Christensenella minuta, Eubacterium spp., and #Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, have been shown to decrease #Cholesterol levels in human or animal studies.
• [1.13] 
  - Probiotic > boosting levels of Clostridia, Lachnospiracea and Akkermansia and increased levels of acetate, lactate, butyrate, isobutyrate, and propionate in the serum. However, only lactate and acetate were increased in the brain. - Probiotic > improved performance on the novel object recognition test, reduced brain damage, decreased Aβ plaques, increased SCFAs, and decreased plasma cytokine levels. - Bifidobacterium breve > reduced Aβ, Iba1, and pro-inflammatory cytokines, as well as increased ADAM10 and synaptic proteins. - Probiotics resulted in an improvement of cognition, a reduction in plasma malondialdehyde, a marker of oxidative stress, and a reduction in plasma CRP levels compared to controls

References Notes