Ginger {51111366}

Shared Reference Notes

• [1.1] [#Obesity] 
  - #Acetic acid, a product of #Bifidobacterium spp. known to function as an appetite suppressant, was found to be most abundant in the faeces of mice following ginger supplementation.
• [#Short Chain Fatty Acid] - ginger root consumption could increase Bifidobacterium spp., enhance faecal SCFA production as well as invoke anti-#Obesity effects in obese mice
• [1.2] 
  - #Enterobacter abundance was significantly decreased by the addition of ginger, #Onion, and #Pumpkin. - #Bacteroides was significantly decreased by the addition of #Pumpkin.
• - #Breast cancer risk drastically decreased with the addition of ginger in both SD-M and LD-M.
• - #Pseudomonas abundance was significantly increased by the addition of #Turmeric, and then increased through #Pumpkin and ginger by over fourfold,
• [1.3] 
  - Ginger essential oil supplementation in PL mice enhanced the relative abundance of #Lactobacillus, #Alistipes, and #Olsenella, which are considered beneficial bacteria.
• - ginger exerts antioxidant activity.
• - the dosage used in the study can be obtained from natural ginger.
• [#Metabolic Dysfunction-associated Steatohepatitis] - GEO reduced the relative abundance of NASH-associated bacteria, including #Blautia and #Tyzzerella, which are considered harmful.
• [#Metabolic Dysfunction-associated Steatohepatitis] - Ginger essential oil (GEO) supplementation substantially lower hepatic CYP2E1 protein expression and significantly enhanced the hepatic antioxidant enzyme capacity, including CAT, GRd, and GSH. - GEO alleviates hepatic #Oxidative stress in mice with PL-induced NASH. - GEO alleviated the NASH phenotype and pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β. - NASH patients and animal models have exhibited increases in the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome - GEO exhibited anti-inflammatory activity by reducing NLRP3 inflammasome activation, which may be caused by #Citral and its isomers.
• [1.4] [#Blood Brain Barrier Integrity] 
  - ginger and its bioactive components have been shown to penetrate the blood-brain barrier via passive diffusion, suggesting the positive effects of ginger in CNS
• - Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) consists of a complex combination of biologically active constituents, among which the compounds gingerols (6-, 8-, and 10-gingerol) and shogaols (6-, 8-, and 10-shogaol) reportedly account for the majority of ginger’s anti-inflammatory properties
• - Among all the #Gingerols, 6-gingerol is the most abundant and potent anti-oxidant that yields the greatest anti-inflammatory effects. - A combination of #Gingerols and #Shogaols is more effective in decreasing inflammatory mediators than the individual compounds
• [#Neuropathic Pain] [#Gingerols, #Shogaols] - Administration of ginger root extract or its individual bioactive compound (e.g., 6-gingerol, 6-shogaol, 8-shogaol) has also shown to mitigate pain in animals with SNI-induced NP
• [1.5] [#antiphospholipid syndrome, #Systemic lupus erythematosus] 
  - In mice, intake of a ginger extract (either by oral gavage or mixed with chow) reduced NETosis in models of APS and lupus. - This was accompanied by a decrease in disease-relevant phenotypes, including thrombosis in the setting of APS and autoantibody formation in the setting of lupus
• - daily consumption of a ginger supplement resulted in a neutrophil-specific increase in cAMP with no impact on PBMC cAMP. Parallel to the increase in neutrophil cAMP, there was a decrease in both stimulated NETosis and circulating NET levels following consumption of ginger.
• [#Systemic lupus erythematosus, #antiphospholipid syndrome] [#Antimicrobial peptides, #Gingerols] - 6-gingerol, the most abundant bioactive phytochemical in ginger root, inhibited neutrophil phosphodiesterase (PDE) activity, boosting intracellular cyclic AMP (cAMP) levels and thereby counteracting neutrophil hyperactivity in mouse models of APS and lupus

References Notes