Disease ⇒ Steatohepatitis {40000174}

Shared Reference Notes

• [1.1] 
  - #Bacteroides was negatively associated with advanced steatosis - Some species of #Bacteroides have been associated with progression to advanced liver fibrosis
• - #Dorea is consistently associated with advanced MAFLD and steatohepatitis
• - #Megasphaera is consistently associated with advanced MAFLD and steatohepatitis
• [1.2] 
  - #Polyphenols > preventing hepatocellular damage through several possible mechanisms, including reducing de novo lipogenesis, increasing fatty acid oxidation and reducing oxidative stress> reducing liver steatosis. - Mixture of flavonoids > increase fatty acid oxidation in the liver > reduce inflammation by inhibition of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells > increase adiponectin > reduce BP
• [1.3] 
  - Duodenal dysbiosis with a dominance shift toward specific potential pathogenic bacteria genera (#Streptococcus, #Shuttleworthia, #Rothia), increased IP and elevated markers of microbial translocation characterized AUD patients with progressive ALD (steato-hepatitis, steato-fibrosis).
• [1.4] [#Metabolic Dysfunction-associated Steatohepatitis, #Metabolic associated fatty liver disease] [#Lipopolysaccharide, #TMA] 
  - A shift in the metabolic function of intestinal bacteria is predominantly caused by dysbiosis. In the intestine, it leads to an increase in the permeability of intestinal mucosa for LPS and ultimately causes chronic inflammation. Concentration of bacterial metabolites in the blood, such as trimethylamine which is metabolized in the liver to trimethylamine-N-oxide (#TMAO) correlates with the severity of steatohepatitis
• [1.5] 
  - #Acetate, #Propionate, and #Butyrate have been shown to alleviate hepatic steatosis by activating AMP-activated protein kinase, expressing a fatty-acid oxidation gene, and inhibiting macrophage proinflammatory activation
• [1.6] [#Diabetes Type 2, #Irritable bowel syndrome] 
  - Increased levels of #Ceramides were reported in mucosal samples from IBS patients as well as in plasma and tissue samples in diabetes, cardiomyopathy, insulin resistance, #Atherosclerosis and steatohepatitis.
• [1.7] [#Western-style diet] 
  - #Antifungals treatment can reduce liver damage in a fecal microbiome-humanized mouse model of Western diet-induced steatohepatitis
• [1.8] [#Metabolic associated fatty liver disease] 
  - #Lactobacillus may be used as a #Probiotic to improve steatohepatitis through the gut microbiota–liver axis by modulating gut microbiota composition and the inflammatory pathway in NAFLD
• [1.9] [#Autism, #Metabolic associated fatty liver disease, #Metabolic Dysfunction-associated Steatohepatitis] 
  - #Methyl isobutyl ketone, the highest ketone associated with ASD, we assume that its presence probably derived from the gut microbial imbalance of patients. This metabolite has also been described for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)/nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) (Del Chierico et al., 2017) and for #Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA)
• - Distinct VOC signatures for #Schizophrenia were m/z 60 and m/z 74. The first of these was identified as trimethylamine (#TMA). - patients with #Schizophrenia displayed a significantly lower concentration of #TMA in their breath. - Decreased production of #TMA is found in patients with #Choline-deficient diets, in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis and may result in #Obesity and #Hyperglycemia, which are often seen in patients with #Schizophrenia.
• [1.11] 
  - TLR9 signaling under chronic overnutrition stress serves as a driving force for hepatic steatosis progression, with decreased TLR9 expression mitigating steatohepatitis and #Liver fibrosis
• - TLR4 in hepatic steatosis > #Lipopolysaccharide-mediated activation, inducing NF-κB-dependent inflammatory cytokine production.
• - Women exhibiting steatosis demonstrated reduced microbial gene diversity alongside heightened endotoxin production, particularly from #Proteobacteria.

References Notes