Negibacteria ⇒ Proteobacteria {10000179}

Shared Reference Notes

• [1.1] [#Cutibacterium acnes, #Staphylococcus epidermidis] 
  - #Acne > increased #Actinobacteria followed by #Firmicutes and Proteobacteria, #Cutibacterium,#Staphylococcus and #Corynebacterium. - C. acnes > major species in terms of mean abundance, followed by #Staphylococcus epidermidis (S. epidermidis) and #Staphylococcus hominis (S. hominis);
• [1.2] 
  - #5-methyltetrahydrofolic acid, #Alanine, #Glutamate and #Selenium > influence Proteobacteria.
• [1.3] [#Alzheimer’s disease] 
  - Decrease in #Bacteroidetes and #Alloprevotella and increase in Proteobacteria, #Verrucomicrobia, #Akkermansia, and #Desulfovibrio > improve short-term memory ability and cognitive level of AD mice
• [1.4] [#Antibiotic Therapy] 
  - Macrolide exposure was associated with reduced richness for twice as long as penicillin. - Antbiotic at childhud > reduced #Bifidobacteria (5 studies) and #Lactobacillus (2 studies), and significant increases in Proteobacteria such as E. coli (4 studies).
• [1.5] [#Diabetes Type 2] 
  - an increase in Bacteroides and a decrease in Proteobacteria and #Acinetobacter are observed in Type 2 diabetes (T2D)
• [1.6] [#Clostridium difficile associated disease] 
  - #Vancomycin is used for C. difficile (CDI) which is associated with decrease in number of gut microbes like #Bacteroidetes, #Fuminococcus, and #Faecalibacterium and increases in Proteobacteria species.
• [1.7] 
  - #Cocaine raises gut norepinephrine levels facilitating Proteobacteria colonization. - Proteobacteria colonization depletes #Glycine in gut, blood, and CSF in mice. - #Glycine depletion alters #Cocaine-induced neuroplasticity and drug responses.
• [1.8] 
  - #Covid-19 > Mortality was associated with increased representation of Proteobacteria in the fecal microbiota and decreased concentrations of fecal #Secondary bile acids and #Desaminotyrosine (DAT). - A microbiome metabolic profile (MMP) that accounts for fecal #Secondary bile acids and #Desaminotyrosine concentrations was independently associated with progression of respiratory failure leading to mechanical ventilation.
• [1.9] [#Alzheimer’s disease] 
  - AD > A positive correlation between the pro-inflammatory cytokines and Escherichia/Shigella (pro-inflammatory taxon) and a negative correlation with #Eubacterium rectale (anti-inflammatory taxon). - a decrease in #Firmicutes and #Bifidobacterium and increased levels of Proteobacteria, #Actinobacteria - a disputed frequency of #Bacteroidetes in various studies..
• [#Soft Tissue Sarcoma] - small but consistent proportion of bacterial DNA (0.02–0.03%) in all tumors, including Proteobacteria, #Bacteroidetes, and #Firmicutes, as well as viral species.
• [1.11] [#Inulin, #Maltodextrin, #Resistant starch, #Rice] 
  - The relative abundance of the pro-inflammatory phylum Proteobacteria was decreased by the prebiotic intervention
• [1.12] [#Acetate, #Short Chain Fatty Acid] [#Antibiotic Therapy] 
  - Three days of antibiotic treatment induced persistent dysbiosis with significantly decreased beta-diversity and richness, but a massive increase of Proteobacteria, accompanied by decreased colonic SCFAs (acetat).
• [1.13] [#Natural Skin Microbiome] [#Infants] 
  - Infant skin > 21 bacterial phyla with Proteobacteria, #Firmicutes, #Actinobacteria, and #Bacteroidetes being the most abundant. - the relative abundance of #Burkholderiaceae and #Staphylococcus, highly abundant after birth, decreased progressively, to the benefit of newly colonizing taxa such as #Streptococcus, #Veillonella, and #Enhydrobacter aerosaccus
• [1.14] 
  - Five bacterial phyla including #Firmicutes, #Bacteroidetes, #Actinobacteria, Proteobacteria, and #Fusobacteria can participate in #Tryptophan metabolism, being those belonging to the #Clostridium, #Burkholderia, #Streptomyces, #Pseudomonas or #Bacillus genera the most important modulators
• [1.15] [#High-protein diet] 
  - Excessive protein intake > causing the growth of protein fermenting bacteria as #Clostridium, #Desulfovibrio, #Peptostreptococcus, #Acidaminococcus, #Veillonella, #Propionibacterium, Bacillus, #Bacteroides, #Staphylococcus, and other species of the Proteobacteria family, and the loss of carbohydrate fermenting bacteria such as #Bacteroides, #Lactobacillus, #Bifidobacterium, #Prevotella, #Ruminococcus, #Roseburia, and #Faecalibacterium.
• [#Short Chain Fatty Acid] [#High Fat Diet] - HF diets affect the composition of the gut microbiota limiting SCFAs production. - It reduces the diversity of bacterial strains and the abundance of #Bacteroidetes, promoting the growth of #Firmicutes and Proteobacteria. - Animal studies confirmed the rise in pro-inflammatory cytokines and plasma #Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), with consequent pro-inflammatory signalling induced by NF-kB.
• [1.16] [#Short Chain Fatty Acid] [#Aging] 
  - Age-related intestinal dysbiosis is generally characterized by a decrease in short-chain fatty acid producers, for example, #Clostridiales, and #Bifidobacterium, and enrichment of pro-inflammatory Proteobacteria including the opportunistic #Enterobacteriaceae.
• [#Natural Skin Microbiome] [#Aging] - a decrease in #Acinetobacter and an increase in Proteobacteria on older skin.
• [1.17] [#Major depressive disorder] 
  - in MDD > Changes observed in lipoproteins, were consistent with the differential composition of gut microbiota belonging to the order #Clostridiales and the phyla Proteobacteria/Pseudomonadota and #Bacteroidetes/#Bacteroidota.
• [1.18] [#Obesity] [#Physical activity] 
  - In normal but not overweight participants, high PA duration showed greater relative abundance of commensal taxa such as #Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria phyla, as well as #Collinsella and #Prevotella genera.
• [1.19] [#Natural Small intestine Microbiome] 
  - The SI microbiota is composed primarily of facultative anaerobic and aerobic bacteria, in particular, belonging to the phyla #Firmicutes, Proteobacteria and #Actinobacteria.
• [#Ulcerative Colitis] [#Lactobacillus mucosae] - In ulcerative #Colitis, excessive epithelial repair results in lower PPAR-γ synthesis, which reduces beta-oxidation and increases oxygenation of colonocytes. Inflamed mucosae in #Colitis patients are increased in Proteobacteria, a major phylum of gram-negative bacteria, but decreased in gram-positive #Firmicutes. Treatment with PPAR-γ agonist, however, can improve the microbial balance
• [1.21] [#Olive] 
  - mice that were administered a gavage of #Hydroxytyrosol at 50 mg/kg/day were rescued from HFD-induced gut microbiota dysbiosis, showing reduced levels of pathogenic Proteobacteria and #Ferribacter as well as restored bacterial diversity and intestinal barrier integrity.
• - intake of the #Tocopherol, vitamin E, was associated with a decrease in pathogenic Proteobacteria.
• [1.22] [#Short Chain Fatty Acid] [#Antibiotic Therapy] 
  - Intrapartum antibiotics exposure is associated with reduced relative abundance of #Bacteroides and reduced levels of the SCFA #Propionate at birth, as well as increased relative abundance of potentially pathogenic Proteobacteria.
• [1.23] [#Crohn’s disease] [#Dorea longicatena, #Ruminococcus lactaris] 
  - ileocolonic resection (ICR) in CD patients > amples collected at time of surgery were enriched in Proteobacteria and harbored high levels of unusual, bacteria such as #Streptococcus mitis, #Undibacterium oligocarboniphilum, #Sphingomonas melonis and #Gemella haemolysans - 6 months after surgery samples had elevated proportions of anaerobic bacteria belonging to #Lachnospiraceae (#Clostridium nexile, #Blautia wexlereae, #Dorea longicatena). - Remission was characterized by increased levels of bacteria belonging to #Bacteroides, #Dorea, #Ruminococcus and #Dialister genera, whereas recurrence was associated with increased levels of #Gemmiger formicilis, #Enterococcus durans and #Ruminococcus lactaris.
• [1.24] 
  - the Proteobacteria phylum is divided into six classes (previously regarded as subclasses of the phylum): #Alphaproteobacteria, #Betaproteobacteria, #Gammaproteobacteria, #Deltaproteobacteria, #Epsilonproteobacteria, and #Zetaproteobacteria.
• [#Escherichia coli, #Helicobacter pylori, #Shigella flexneri] - Notable genera in the Proteobacteria are #Escherichia, #Salmonella, #Shigella, #Desulfovibrio, and #Helicobacter. Included in the phyla is the #Enterobacteriaceae family, which contains several enteropathogenic bacteria, including #Shigella flexneri, #Salmonella typhi, and #Escherichia coli. Other enteric pathogens in this phylum are #Vibrio cholerae and #Helicobacter pylori.
• [1.25] [#Crohn’s disease] 
  - Administration of PAGly exacerbated #Colitis in mouse model and upregulated coagulation-related biological processes. - High dietary protein intake and increased abundance of #Phenylacetic acid (PAA)-producing Proteobacteria mediated by phenylpyruvate decarboxylase act in concert to cause the elevated PAGln levels in CD patients.
• [1.26] [#Pancreatic Cancer] 
  - pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma samples have been shown to be enriched for Proteobacteria, #Bacteroides, and #Firmicutes compared to normal pancreatic tissue
• [1.27] [#Allergy, #Diabetes Type 2] 
  - A disturbed Proteobacteria microbiota has been previously associated with #Psoriasis, eczema and diabetic foot ulcers, with greater Proteobacteria diversity correlated with T-helper1, interleukin-10 and anti-inflammatory immune responses that were protective against allergic inflammation.
• [#Ultraviolet Exposure] - The development of a tan is significantly associated with lower Proteobacteria relative abundance immediately post-holiday (d1), with community structure recovering by 28 days post-holiday. - Proteobacteria is a large phylum of Gram-negative bacteria commonly isolated from healthy human skin
• [1.28] 
  - Celiac > microbiota is abundant with pro-inflammatory Gram-negative species, such as Proteobacteria, Bacterioides, #Prevotella, ecc., while it is poor in probiotic ones, such as #Firmicutes, #Actinobacteria, #Bifidobacteria, #Lactobacilli, and Streptococceae, which have instead a protective rol
• [1.29] [#Natural Skin Microbiome] 
  - #Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and #Actinobacteria as the primary active microbial phyla in Chamliyal #Clay. - These resemble those abundant in a healthy human skin microbiome. - This is significant as lower levels of these phyla in the skin are linked to inflammatory skin conditions like #Psoriasis.
• [#Animal-based diet, #Animal fat consumption] - animal-based diets (typically called a “Western” diet with high amounts of animal fat and protein, and processed carbohydrates) induce decreased levels of beneficial species within the #Firmicutes phyla and strains from the genus #Prevotella; while levels of bile-tolerant, inflammation-associated Proteobacteria, such as #Bilophila, and #Bacteroides are increased
• [#fruit vegetable juice] - Consumption of fruit/vegetable juice for 3 days followed by 14 days of habitual diet also reduced #Firmicutes and Proteobacteria, with a significant increase in #Bacteroidetes and #Cyanobacteria
• [1.31] [#Ruminococcaceae] [#ICI therapy] 
  - #Bacteroidetes remained the most common gut bacteria with increased levels of Ruminococcacae and #Akkermansia muciniphila after treatment which is in contrast to patients who did not respond to anti-PD-1 therapy and had increasing levels of Proteobacteria after treatment,
• [1.32] 
  - #Bacteroides fragilis and #Prevotella copri (#Bacteroidetes), #Bifidobacterium longum and #Collinsella aerofaciens (#Actinobacteria), and #Helicobacter pylori (Proteobacteria) can produce #Vitamin B6 as they have these biosynthetic mechanisms
• - A complete #Riboflavin operon is present in all Baceteroidetes and #Fusobacteria, as well as in 92% of Proteobacteria - half of the #Firmicutes are predicted to be #Riboflavin producers
• [1.33] [#Gastric bypass surgery] 
  - Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) resulted in clear alteration in composition of gut fungal and bacterial microbiota. - Before surgery, patients had higher levels of #Firmicutes and #Actinobacteria and lower levels of #Verrucomicrobia - #Faecalibacterium and #Bifidobacterium showed a decrease after surgery and aerotolerant #Streptococcus was increased postoperatively. - The relative abundance of Proteobacteria was increased after surgery. - Changes in fungal microbiota composition included decreases in #Candida and #Saccharomyces and increases in #Pichia. - levels of #Verrucomicrobia and Proteobacteria increased after the surgery procedure - Bifidobacteriaceae abundance decreased, whereas Streptococcaceae and Enterobacteriaceae increased after surgery. - RYGB led to increased #Firmicutes and #Actinobacteria phyla but decreased #Bacteroidetes phylum
• [#Colorectal cancer] - reduction of #Bacteroidetes and #Firmicutes and increase of Proteobacteria in patients undergoing surgery for CRC.
• [#Crohn’s disease] [#Colectomy] - in CD patients > Six months after surgery, ten patients developed recurrence of CD lesions. Samples collected at time of surgery were enriched in Proteobacteria and harbored high levels of unusual, bacteria such as #Streptococcus mitis, #Undibacterium oligocarboniphilum, #Sphingomonas melonis and #Gemella haemolysans, while 6 months after surgery samples had elevated proportions of anaerobic bacteria belonging to #Lachnospiraceae (#Clostridium nexile, #Blautia wexlereae, #Dorea longicatena). Remission was characterized by increased levels of bacteria belonging to Bacteroides, Dorea, Ruminococcus and Dialister genera, whereas recurrence was associated with increased levels of #Gemmiger formicilis, #Enterococcus durans and #Ruminococcus lactaris.
• [#Inflamatory bowel disease] [#Escherichia coli] - #Colectomy > there was a significant increase in the expansion of E.coli in individuals who underwent surgery and, in particular, samples from IBD patients who underwent #Colectomy had the highest abundance of E.coli. - At 6 months, endoscopic recurrence was associated with elevated #Proteus genera and at 18 months with reduced #Faecalibacterium, #Desulfovibrio and #Bilophila abundance. At 18 months severe endoscopic recurrence was associated with increase in Proteobacteria.
• [1.34] [#Breast cancer] 
  - live bacteria from three main phyla—Proteobacteria, #Firmicutes, and #Actinobacteria—can be found in breast tumors.
• - Although species belonging to the Proteobacteria and #Firmicutes phyla accounted for most of the detected bacterial sequences in all #Cancer types, the Proteobacteria to #Firmicutes (P/F) ratio appears to vary between tumor types
• [#Lung cancer] [#Smoking] - most of the enriched taxa in the lung tumors of smokers belong to the Proteobacteria phylum
• - Proteobacteria dominated the microbiome of #Pancreatic Cancer, similarly to the normal duodenal microbiome makeup. - This may reflect a retrograde bacterial migration from the duodenum.
• [1.35] [#Natural Nose microbiome] 
  - #Firmicutes and Proteobacteria are abundantly present in #Children, whereas #Actinobacteria are over-represented in adults.
• [#Parkinson’s Disease] - nasal dysbiosis is strongly associated with PD. - The nasal microbiome of PD patients is characterized by an increased concentration of bacteria belonging to the phylum Proteobacteria.
• [1.36] [#Colorectal cancer] 
  - CRC patient’s intestinal microbiome > cancer is often associated with an increase of the major #Butyrate producing taxa, #Firmicutes, coupled with decreased levels of Proteobacteria
• [1.37] [#Diabetes Type 2] 
  - Proteobacteria and #Clostridium abundance increased in T2DM patients
• [1.38] 
  - Ramadan #Fasting > #Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria, known to utilize host-derived energy substrates, simultaneously increased > increase in Proteobacteria at the end of Ramadan #Fasting. - increased Proteobacteria in the gut may indicate dysbiosis and serve as a marker for developing diseases
• [1.39] 
  - the gut microbiome of patients with #Chronic periodontitis had a higher abundance of the #Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, #Verrucomicrobia and #Euryarchaeota phylum and a lower abundance of the #Bacteroidetes phylum, plus the diversity of the microbiota was decreased.
• [#Obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome] - Patients with OSA showed elevated levels of Proteobacteria, which synthesizes #Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), associated with systemic inflammation and #Obesity.
• [1.41] 
  - low prevalence genera (i.e., stool Proteobacteria) are likely reduced during host inflammatory events.
• [1.42] [#Steatohepatitis] 
  - Women exhibiting steatosis demonstrated reduced microbial gene diversity alongside heightened endotoxin production, particularly from Proteobacteria.
• [1.43] 
  - Proteobacteria and #Firmicutes are major phyla in the duodenal mucosa
• [1.44] [#Cushing’s disease] 
  - #Collinsella, a genus form of the #Actinobacteria phylum was present in CD patients only, whereas #Sutterella, a genus from Proteobacteria phylum, was scarcely detectable/undetectable in CD patients as well as #Lachnospira, a genus of the #Lachnospiraceae family of the #Firmicutes phylum.

References Notes