High fibre diet {51111189}

Shared Reference Notes

• [1.1] [#Crohn’s disease, #Ulcerative Colitis] 
  - Long-term intake of fibers from fruit > protective against the development of CD, but not of UC
• [1.2] [#Diabetes Type 2] 
  - High fiber diet > #Prevotella copri > improve glucose and insulin tolerance.
• [#Short Chain Fatty Acid] - Fiber-rich diets > maintain a healthy, diverse microbiome > beneficial metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) > promote mucus and antimicrobial peptides production > maintain intestinal barrier integrity > robust immunity.
• [1.3] 
  - Carbohydrate (fiber) consumption > increased #Prevotella
• [1.4] 
  - Dietary fiber > competitive advantage to #Bifidobacteria
• [1.5] 
  - Increased maternal dietary microbiome-accessible fiber and SCFA exposure during pregnancy > reduced incidence of #Asthma in offspring which persists into adulthood. - Reduced dietary fiber intake > reduced serum #Acetate levels in pregnant women > increased frequency of coughing/wheezing during the child’s first year of life. - During pregnancy > SCFA (such as #Acetate) > cross the placenta and affect the expression of fetal lung genes, such as NPPA, > encodes ANP (a molecule related to epithelial biology and immune regulation).
• [1.6] 
  - The high-fiber diet > increased microbiome-encoded glycan-degrading carbohydrate active enzymes (CAZymes) despite stable microbial community diversity > Cytokine response score (primary outcome) unchanged,. - Three distinct immunological trajectories in high-fiber consumers corresponded > to baseline microbiota diversity.
• [1.7] 
  - Higher Prevotella-to-Bacteroides ratios > human > lose significantly more weight on a high-fiber diet, particularly individuals with low salivary amylase levels
• [1.8] [#Melanoma] 
  - Higher dietary fiber > improved progression-free survival in 128 patients on immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) treatment, with the most pronounced benefit observed in patients with sufficient dietary fiber intake and no probiotic use.
• [1.9] [#Metabolic syndrome, #Obesity] [#Fecal Microbiota Transplantation] 
• - Dietary fiber intake was inversely associated with risk of #Dementia. - The inverse association was more evident for soluble fiber intake and was confined to #Dementia without a history of stroke.
• [1.11] 
• [1.12] [#Allergy, #Atopic Dermatitis] 
  - Epidemiological evidence indicates that children suffering from allergies have lower levels of dietary fibre-derived short-chain fatty acids (SCFA). Using an experimental model of AD-like skin inflammation, - a fermentable fibre-rich diet alleviates systemic allergen sensitization and disease severity. - particularly butyrate, which strengthens skin barrier function by altering mitochondrial metabolism of epidermal keratinocytes and the production of key structural components.
• [1.13] 
  - vegetables rich in #Inulin increased #Bifidobacterium levels, promoted satiety, and reduced body weight
• - Of particular relevance to the gut microbiome are fermentable fibers, also referred to as microbiota-accessible carbohydrates (MACs) - Fiber provides growth substrates for microbes that inhibit mucus-glycan metabolism, preventing gut-mucus depletion, encroachment of bacteria into the mucus layer, and downstream inflammation andinfections. - Gut microbes are responsible for biotransformation of phytochemicals via processes such as demethylation, ring cleavage, and dehydroxylation, which can increase their bioavailability, absorption, and antioxidative and immunomodulatory effects. - Fruits and vegetables provide up to 8 g of dietary fiber per serving and contain a high diversity of fibers, including pectins, inulin, cellulose, xyloglucans, raffinose, and stachyose. - These fibers elicit both microbiome-independent (e.g., delayed macronutrient absorption) and microbiome-dependent (e.g., SCFA-mediated attenuation of insulin resistance) physiological effects
• [1.14] [#Diabetes Type 2] [#Tryptophan] [#Cow’s milk (Dietary Casein)] 
  - a higher milk intake and higher fiber intake were associated with a favorable profile of circulating Trp metabolites for T2D.
• [1.15] 
  - #Cashew fiber promoted #Butyric acid-producing bacteria-related operational taxonomic units (OTUs; #Butyricimonas and #Collinsella) at higher relative abundances.
• [#Nuts] - nut fibers stimulated family #Lachnospiraceae- and #Ruminococcaceae-related OTUs.
• [1.16] [#Gestational fruit and vegetable consumption] 
  - Both total fibre and specific fruit and vegetable fibre intake, are associated with the relative abundance of bacteria of the Clostridia class in the gut microbiome, especially #Roseburia genus
• [1.17] [#High protein / animal fat diets] 
  - fiber rich diets associate with a higher abundance of #Prevotella spp., whereas a protein and fat rich diet (low fiber) enriches #Bacteroides spp.
• [1.18] 
  - Both total fibre and specific fruit and vegetable fibre intake, are associated with the relative abundance of bacteria of the #Clostridia class in the gut microbiome, especially #Roseburia genus.
• - Many members of the #Clostridium genus are also associated to higher dietary fibre intake.
• [1.19] [#Phenolic acids] [#Oat] 
  - The nutritional composition of oats includes carbohydrates, soluble fiber, proteins, lipids (such as unsaturated fatty acids), vitamins, minerals, and phenolic compounds.
• [#Diabetes Type 2, #Irritable bowel syndrome] [#Ruminococcus gnavus] - fiber intervention significantly suppressed #Tryptamine and #Phenethylamine levels and abundances of R. gnavus in T2D subjects, revealing manipulation of gut microbiota-derived #Tryptamine and #Phenethylamine by dietary changes or prebiotics is a potential direction for managing #Metabolic syndrome and IBS.
• [1.21] 
  - Dietary fibre is comprised of both soluble and insoluble carbohydrates and includes #Pectin, cellulose, lignin, hemicellulose, #Arabinoxylan, nondigestible oligosaccharide #Inulin, #Oligofructose and #Resistant Starch.
• [#Plant-based diet] - The genus #Prevotella is expanded with complex carbohydrate intake as these microbes contain specific enzymes that are capable of degrading plant fibres
• [1.22] [#Antibiotic Therapy] 
  - fiber prebiotics significantly reduced the impact of antibiotic treatment on microbiome composition and function.
• [1.23] [#Metabolic associated fatty liver disease] [#Gender] 
  - Consumption of #Nuts, seeds, seafood, and high-fiber diets considerably reduces the risk of developing NAFLD in males.
• [#Metabolic Dysfunction-associated Steatohepatitis, #Metabolic associated fatty liver disease] [#Coffee, #Mediterranean diet] 
• [1.24] 
  - #Faecalicatena genus, increases with high fiber intake
• [1.25] [#Omega 3, #β-Galacto-oligosaccharides] 
  - #Coprococcus abundance can be rapidly increased by fibre, galacto-oligosaccharides, or omega-3 fats supplementation, as well as by #Probiotic administration
• [1.26] [#Short Chain Fatty Acid] 
  - dietary fibre supplementation (for any type of dietary fibre) on levels of faecal or serum SCFAs > Only 38% of the randomised controlled trials reported significant increases in one or more SCFAs, while 62% did not. - increased production of SCFAs by gut microbes in humans might occur only with certain types of fibre
• [#β-fructan] - fibre based intervention was shown to have paradoxical effects on inflammation in some patients with #Ulcerative Colitis whose gut microbiomes lacked the taxa that facilitate fermentation of fibre. - a widely used fibre based prebiotic, β-fructan, led to accumulation of unfermented β-fructan in the gut of people without the fibre degrading bacteria, resulting in increased inflammation.
• [1.27] 
  - F_NL had more fiber-degrading microorganisms like #Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, #Bacteroides xylanisolvens, #Roseburia sp., #Coprococcus eutactus and #Parabacteroides along with the highest number of genes encoding carbohydrate-active enzymes and gene richness.
• [1.28] [#Diabetes Type 2] 
  - multiple bacterial genera, species, and related enzymes associated with fiber intake. Several bacteria (eg, #Butyrivibrio, #Faecalibacterium) and enzymes involved in fiber degradation (eg, xylanase EC3.2.1.156) were positively associated with fiber intake, inversely associated with prevalent T2D, and favorably associated with T2D-related metabolic traits.
• [1.29] 
  - dietary intake of #Folate and fibre was linked to circulating #Trigonelline levels.
• - dietary fiber enriches #Coprococcus. - #Coprococcus has been shown to contribute to the production of #Butyrate
• [1.31] 
  - the minimum daily dietary fiber for adults with #Hypertension should be >28 g/day for women and >38 g/day for men, with each extra 5 g/day estimated to reduce systolic BP by 2.8 mm Hg and diastolic BP by 2.1 mm Hg.
• [1.32] [#Blautia coccoides] 
  - individuals who increase their daily dietary fiber intake can improve the capacity of their gut microbiota to prevent diet-mediated mucus defects. - Mucus growth, a critical feature of intact colonic mucus, correlated with the abundance of the gut commensal #Blautia, and supplementation of #Blautia coccoides to mice confirmed its mucus-stimulating capacity.

References Notes