Disease ⇒ Kidney stone {40000287}

Shared Reference Notes

• [1.1] [#Urinary stone disease] 
• [1.2] 
  - #Oxalobacter formigenes, consume #oxalate in the gut and limit kidney stone formation.
• [1.3] 
  - #Desulfovibrio enriched in Nephrolithiasis > The intestinal #oxalate-#Sulfate antiporter (SAT-1) has been implicated in human CaOx nephrolithiasis; as #Sulfate-reducing bacteria, #Desulfovibrio spp. may reduce the bioavailability of the influx substrate leading to greater plasma #oxalate levels, as is observed in cohorts with #Autism.
• [#Enterobacteriaceae bacterium, #Flavonifractor plautii] - F. plautii enriched in Nephrolithiasis > is a #Flavonoid-degrading bacterium, but dietary plant flavonoids have been shown to be beneficial in stone and #Cancer cohorts, potentially reducing the incidence of CaOx stones through diuretic, anti-oxidant, and anti-inflammatory mechanisms.
• [#Diabetes Type 2, #Gallstone Disease, #Urinary stone disease] - #Eggerthella, #Flavonifractor, and #Ruminococcus spp., all of which were enriched in SF, have recently been suggested as general disease-associated signatures (shared across type 2 diabetes, diarrhoea and #Constipation, mental disorders, and gallstones)
• - #Butyrate enhances tight junction assembly, preventing intestinal permeability and potentially decreasing passive paracellular #oxalate uptake . - It may also have a role in active transcellular uptake mechanisms by modulating the expression of the #oxalate transporter SLC26A6, and even decreasing crystal formation in the kidney through immune modulation
• [#Faecalibacterium prausnitzii] - F. prausnitzii significantly depleted in Stone Formation
• [1.4] [#Urinary stone disease, #Urolithiasis] 
  - no differences in the abundance of genes associated with known #oxalate degradation pathways, supporting the notion that dysfunction in other metabolic pathways plays a role in KSD. - KSD > decreased abundance of key enzymes involved in #Butyrate biosynthesis in patient intestinal microbiomes.
• - the majority of genes significantly enriched in non-stone formers are affiliated with #Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, a major #Butyrate producer and the majority of abundant genes mapped back to F. prausnitzii, #Alistipes spp., and #Akkermansia muciniphila.

References Notes