Smoking {51111228}

Shared Reference Notes

• [1.1] 
  - In the lung microbiome, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacterial species were found to a higher level in smoking tobacco users as that may increase morbidity and mortality.
• [1.2] [#Aphthous stomatitis] 
  - The microbial community in smoking-associated RAS is less diverse and distinct from that of non-smokers. - The RAS groups > higher abundance of Veillonella, Rothia, and Sneathia and lower abundance of Bacteroidales, Bacteroides, Wolinella, Moryella, Pyramidobacter, and Christensenellaceae. - The RAS groups > significantly different abundance of Anaerovorax, Candidatus Endomicrobium, Lactococcus, Sneathia, Veillonella, and Cloacibacterium. - The RAS groups > significant difference in many species from the genus Prevotella and Treponema. - Relative abundance of several taxa is correlated with smoking age or frequency > including Megasphaera, Haemophilus, Leptotrichia, and Rothia, Prevotella melaninogenica, Prevotella salivae, Megasphaera micronuciformis, Haemophilus parainfluenzae, Alloprevotella tannerae, Actinomyces naeslundii, Lautropia mirabilis, and Capnocytophaga sputigena.
• [1.3] [#Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease] 
• [1.4] [#Parkinson’s Disease] 
  - smoking is associated with a reduced risk of developing PD as tobacco may regulate striatal activity through the dopaminergic system
• [1.5] [#Graves’ disease, #Graves’ orbitopathy] 
  - when patients were hyperthyroid and TRAB positive, #Actinobacteria were significantly increased and Bacteroidetes significantly decreased in GD/GO compared with HC. - #Bacteroides displayed positive and negative correlations with TSH and FT4 respectively and was also significantly associated with smoking in GO, smoking is a risk factor for GO but not GD.
• [1.6] [#Natural Small intestine Microbiome] 
  - In the SI lumen, the abundance of #Prevotellaceae, #Neisseriaceae, and #Porphyromonadaceae is reduced in smokers, whereas #Enterobacteriaceae and #Lactobacillaceae abundances are increased.
• [1.7] [#Atherosclerosis] [#Streptococcus] 
  - Several tobacco metabolites (ie, 3-hydroxycotinine glucuronide, cotinine N-oxide, and norcotinine) were positively associated with species positively associated with CACS and negatively associated with species negatively associated withcoronary artery calcium score (CACS).
• [1.8] 
• [1.9] [#Lung cancer] 
  - most of the enriched taxa in the lung tumors of smokers belong to the #Proteobacteria phylum
• [#Lung cancer] - MetaCyc pathways responsible for the degradation of chemicals in cigarette smoke, such as toluene, acrylonitrile, and aminobenzoates, were significantly enriched in bacteria found in lung tumors compared with other tumor types
• [#COPD Exacerbation] - In COPD > the relative abundance of #Lachnospira and #Coprococcus was negatively related to the smoking index and positively related to lung function results. - The relative abundance of #Parabacteroides was positively correlated with the smoking index and negatively correlated with lung function findings.
• [1.11] [#Crohn’s disease] 
  - smoking during #Pregnancy was associated with a high risk of CD in the offspring if mothers continued smoking more than 10 cigarettes/day during #Pregnancy.
• [1.12] [#Inflamatory bowel disease, #Primary sclerosing cholangitis] 
  - Smoking increased risk of EIMs except for PSC, where there was a “protective” effect. - Multiple serologic associations were observed, including with PSC (IgG and IgA, perinuclear anti-nuclear cytoplasmic antibody; anti-#Saccharomyces cerevisiae antibodies; and anti-#Flagellin) and any EIM (IgG and IgA, perinuclear anti-nuclear cytoplasmic antibody; anti-#Saccharomyces cerevisiae antibodies; and anti–#Pseudomonas fluorescens-associated sequence).

References Notes