Milk Formula-feeding {51111210} Record Keys Definition:Milk Formula-feeding Queue:[ ] Details Initialisation date:[ ] Specification: [ ] Meta Information Type:Diet Host: Human Zone:[ ] Notes: [ ]Shared Reference Notes [1.1] - infants at 4 months of age who are predominately formula-fed are associated with lower levels of Bifidobacteria and Lactobacilli alongside higher diversity, dominated by Bacteroides, Staphylococci, Enterococci, and Clostridia [1.2] -children fed formula have an increased risk for obesity, higher diversity, and enrichment of #Bacteroidaceae in 1 year of age. [1.3] - Exclusive formula feeding is associated with lower numbers of Treg cells and increased production of pro-inflammatory cytokines [1.4] [#Infants, #Prebiotic] - Prebiotics in formula did increase weight gain but had no impact on length or head circumference gain. - Prebiotics increased stool frequency but had no impact on stool consistency, the incidence of colic, spitting up / regurgitation, crying, restlessness or vomiting. [#Infants, #Probiotic] - Probiotics in formula also failed to have any significant effect on growth, stool frequency or consistency. Probiotics did not lower the incidence of diarrhoea, colic, spitting up / regurgitation, crying, restlessness or vomiting.References Notes[ ]
