Clostridiales ⇒ Bifidobacteria {10000259}

Shared Reference Notes

• [1.1] 
  - The reduction of Bifidobacteria, the main producers of lactic acid capable of suppressing the growth of pathogenic bacteria, leads to an alteration of the immunitary system.
• [1.2] [#High fibre diet] 
  - Dietary fiber > competitive advantage to Bifidobacteria
• [1.3] 
  - Loss of Bifidobacterium early in life has been associated with increased risk of developing autoimmunity, as seen in a birth cohort in Finland and atopic wheeze in another cohort in rural Ecuador.
• [1.4] [#Premature infant] 
  - At the phylum level, #Firmicutes were the dominant phylum in 95% of all meconium samples (highest abundance observed in the VPT neonates as compared to PT and FT neonates); the second most dominant phylum was Bacteroidetes in 50% of all meconium samples.
• [1.5] [#Antibiotic Therapy] 
  - Macrolide exposure was associated with reduced richness for twice as long as penicillin. - Antbiotic at childhud > reduced Bifidobacteria (5 studies) and #Lactobacillus (2 studies), and significant increases in #Proteobacteria such as E. coli (4 studies).
• [1.6] [#Garlic] 
  - #Garlic fructan were found to selectively stimulate the growth of beneficial Bifidobacteria from human fecal microflora.
• [1.7] [#Covid-19] 
  -anti-inflammatory bacteria, including Bifidobacteria species and #Eubacterium rectale, with lower severity, and pro-inflammatory bacteria such as #Prevotella copri with higher severity.
• [1.8] 
  - #Anthocyanins promote an increase in beneficial bacteria, including #Lactobacilli and Bifidobacteria, while reducing pathogenic bacteria, including Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella typhimurium.
• [1.9] [#Inulin-Type Fructans] 
  - #Butyrate production may also be driven by bacteria unable to degrade inulin type fructans, but are capable of consuming #Acetate, producing #Butyrate, and utilising partially degraded carbohydrate from bifidobacteria.
• [#Autism] - The depletion of #Bifidobacterium species has been reported widely in ASD. - Bifidobacteria are SCFA producers, and “psychobiotics” , and they modulate the gut–brain signals via γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and #Glutamate metabolism. - #Bifidobacterium have been reported to improve behavior and prevent #Depression-like behaviors in mice.
• [1.11] [#Bipolar disorder] 
  - Levels of #Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, #Bacteroides–#Prevotella group, #Atopobium Cluster, #Enterobacter spp. and #Clostridium cluster IV were higher in BD patients than healthy subjects along with a reduced Bifidobacteria to #Enterobacteriaceae ratio, having these changes a possible impact on brain function in these patients.
• [1.12] 
  - on the 14th day of Wi-Fi irradiation, the biodiversity of the intestinal microflora decreased. - significant decrease in the number of Bifidobacteria from the first day of the experiment. - #Wi-Fi exposure caused the growth of bacteria of the genus #Helicobacter. - increase in the number of opportunistic pathogens of the #Flavobacteriia class.
• [1.13] 
  - Bifidobacteria and #Lactobacillus spp. can produce micromolar concentrations of #GABA.
• [1.14] [#Bifidobacterium adolescentis, #Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum] [#Fructooligosaccharides, #Human milk oligosaccharides, #Inulin] 
  - 2′FL/LNnT were bifidogenic for both age groups, 3′SL/6′SL and FOS/IN were exclusively bifidogenic for children and adults, respectively. - 3′SL/6′SL stimulated B. pseudocatenulatum (abundant in children), FOS/IN enhanced B. adolescentis (abundant in adults). - increased #Acetate, #Propionate and #Butyrate (only in adults) with product- and age-dependent differences.
• [1.15] 
  - Hypolipidemic effects of Bifidobacteria have been demonstrated in animal models as well as in humans. - A plausible mechanism may be that microbiota activities promote bile acid biotransformation in vivo to regulate fat digestion and affect lipid metabolism, leading to a decrease in serum lipid levels
• [1.16] [#Escherichia coli] 
  - #Lactic acid bacteria, such as #Lactobacilli and Bifidobacteria, which can enhance the production of mucin in human IECs and cause hinderance for the invasion of enteropathogenic E. coli
• [1.17] 
  - consumption of whole or ground almonds for 4 wk had no impact on fecal bifidobacteria numbers; indeed, the abundance was numerically lower in the #Almond groups.
• [1.18] [#Osteoporosis] [#humanized Galactooligosaccharides] 
  - the prebiotic galactooligosaccharides (GOS) promotes the growth of Bifidobacteria which increases calcium absorption and prevents bone loss and enhances calcium absorption and inhibits bone resorption in #Postmenopausal women
• [1.19] 
  - #Probiotic supplementation was able to maintain the level of Bifidobacteria in newborns during #Antibiotic Therapy
• - Celiac > microbiota is abundant with pro-inflammatory Gram-negative species, such as #Proteobacteria, Bacterioides, #Prevotella, ecc., while it is poor in probiotic ones, such as #Firmicutes, #Actinobacteria, Bifidobacteria, #Lactobacilli, and Streptococceae, which have instead a protective rol
• [1.21] [#Clostridiales XIV, #Clostridium cluster IV] 
  - #Walnut consumption at 42 g/day, increased #Butyrate-producing #Clostridium clusters XIV and IV including, #Faecalibacterium, #Roseburia, while lowering the relative abundance of #Ruminococcus, #Dorea, Oscilllo, Bifidobacteria.
• - Bifidobacteria can ferment fibre and produce the metabolites #Acetic acid, #Lactic acid, B vitamins and antibacterial molecules, making it an ideal choice for a #Probiotic
• - #Inulin increased the relative abundance of Bifidobacteria
• [1.22] 
  - wheat fiber, may have therapeutic effects on patients with #Autism by decreasing the population of #Clostridium perfringens and increasing the rate of Bifidobacteria
• [#humanized Galactooligosaccharides] - GOSs can greatly stimulate Bifidobacteria and #Lactobacilli. Bifidobacteria in #Infants have shown high incorporation with GOS. Enterobacteria, #Bacteroidetes, and #Firmicutes are also stimulated by GOS, but to a lesser extent than Bifidobacteria
• [#Fructooligosaccharides] - 15 g/day FOS for 3 weeks elevated Bifidobacteria population in the feces and improved #Crohn’s disease
• [1.23] [#Estrogen] 
  - Β-glucuronidase activity is found extensively in the gut microbiota, particularly in #Clostridia, but also other taxa including #Bacteroides and Bifidobacteria.
• [1.24] 
  - Increased numbers of Bifidobacteria appeared to be linked to a higher risk of #Celiac Disease, while #Lentisphaerae, #Coprobacter and #Subdoligranulum showed a potential association with a lower #Celiac Disease risk.
• [1.25] [#Antibiotic Therapy] 
  - Bifidobacteria metabolize #lactulose, produce high concentrations of #Acetate and acidify the gut lumen in humans and mice, which, in combination, can reduce the growth of antibiotic-resistant bacteria such as #Vancomycin-resistant #Enterococcus faecium in vitro.
• - patients treated with the orally administered but non-absorbable disaccharide #lactulose have increased densities of intestinal bifidobacteria and reduced incidence of systemic infections and mortality.
• [1.26] [#Autism] 
  - lower faecal Bifidobacteria abundance in #Children with ASD compared to neurotypical #Children. - #Bifidobacterium was decreased in ASD cases compared to controls. - Bifidobacteria changes correlated with differently abundant metabolites from derivatives of #Tryptophan metabolisms. - dietary interventions either with #Bifidobacterium strains or other bacterial strains and/or compounds that increase Bifidobacteria levels in the gut have shown to improve, not only intestinal outcomes, but also ASD severity
• [1.27] [#Metabolic associated fatty liver disease] [#Lactobacillus bulgaricus, #Lactobacillus paracasei, #Lactobacillus plantarum] 
  - Randomized controlled trials in NAFLD patients revealed that administration of polymicrobial probiotics (containing Bifidobacteria, #Lactobacillus acidophilus, L. bulgaricus, L. paracasei, L. plantarum, and #Streptococcus thermophilus) significantly reduced the fatty liver phenotype, inflammation, and #Fibrosis.
• [1.28] 
  - the consumption of the #Cranberry extract successfully modulated the fecal microbiota of the participants included in this study with a strong bifidogenic effect. - Bifidobacterium was significantly increased with the #Cranberry extract providing low amounts of (poly)phenols and oligosaccharides (mainly arabinoxyloglucan). - The bifidogenic effect was concomitant to a decrease in #Bacteroides abundance
• [#Phenol] - a bifidogenic effect was observed following the consumption of #Cranberry juice (providing 161 mg of (poly)phenols and an unreported amount of oligosaccharides) for 15 days in 10 #Postmenopausal women
• [1.29] [#Metabolic syndrome] 
  - Bifidobacteria play a major role in carbohydrate metabolism. Bifidobacteria have a technique known as the “bifidshunt”, which specifically targets the enzyme #Fructose-6-phosphoketolase. Reduction in #Bifidobacterium linked to metabolic dysfunction.

References Notes