Cranberry {51111308}

Shared Reference Notes

• [1.1] 
  - Cranberry extract, a rich source of #Polyphenols, induced improvements in metabolism (e.g., reduced visceral obesity and improved insulin sensitivity) in mice on a high-fat high-sucrose diet that were associated with an increase in #Akkermansia muciniphila
• [1.2] [#Agavins, #Polyphenols] 
  - The combination of CP+AG significantly increased the expression of aryl hydrocarbon receptors (#AHR).
• - Oral supplementation with cranberry #Polyphenols (CP) selectively and robustly (five-fold) increases the relative abundance of #Akkermansia muciniphila.
• [1.3] 
  - addition of #Tea #Polyphenols increased #Akkermansia abundance in HF mice, which is consistent with previous research indicating that TP, cranberry, chlorogenic acid, and #Grape also increase the colonization of #Akkermansia in the gut - increase in small intestinal goblet cells in TP-treated mice, which secrete mucins, a food source for #Akkermansia development. - #Polyphenols increase intestinal mucus secretion which is the food source of #Akkermansia.
• [1.4] 
  - The cranberry extract supplementation increased the abundance of #Faecalibacterium and #Agathobacter in subjects from enterotype 1 (#Prevotella enterotype), concomitant to a decrease of #Prevotella.
• [#Akkermansia muciniphila, #Enterobacteriaceae bacterium] - A. muciniphila was not stimulated by the cranberry extract. - A. muciniphila is a challenging bacterium in term of growth and may require longer supplementation to be stimulated. - A. muciniphila was stimulated after 8 to 9 weeks of cranberry extract supplementation in mice. fecal samples are not the best type of samples to assess the effect of the cranberry extract on A. muciniphila, since this bacteria is found in the mucus layer of the gut and the feces mostly represents the commensal bacteria found in the luminal environmen
• [#Clostridium sensu stricto] - Cranberry Extract > #Clostridium, #Clostridium sensu stricto 1 were also increased, as well another known #Butyrate-producer, #Anaerobutyricum (former #Eubacterium) and #Shuttleworthia
• [#Bifidobacteria] - the consumption of the cranberry extract successfully modulated the fecal microbiota of the participants included in this study with a strong bifidogenic effect. - Bifidobacterium was significantly increased with the cranberry extract providing low amounts of (poly)phenols and oligosaccharides (mainly arabinoxyloglucan). - The bifidogenic effect was concomitant to a decrease in #Bacteroides abundance
• [#Clostridium clusters XIVa] - Along with #Bifidobacterium, cranberry juice stimulated the growth of #Prevotella, #Clostridium XIVa and #Eggerthella, while #Bacteroides was not affected by the cranberry juice intake.
• - arabinogalactan > lead to an increase in #Bifidobacterium population and to the acidification of the medium due to the important concentrations of #Formate, #Acetate and #Lactate produced by this genus when fermenting cranberry xyloglucans. - #Formate, #Acetate and #Lactate exert antibacterial effects and pH reduction to which #Bacteroides is sensitive
• [#Phenol] - cranberry (poly)phenols have an antimicrobial effect on #Bacteroides, allowing #Bifidobacterium to consume cranberry oligosaccharides and occupy its microbial niche
• [#Bifidobacterium adolescentis, #Bifidobacterium longum] - the two species of Bifidobacterium that were significantly increased by the cranberry extract, namely B. adolescentis and B. longum, are known to be great degrader of xylo- and #Arabinoxylan-oligosaccharides
• - fecal and plasmatic ratio of #Butyrate tended to increase in response to the cranberry extract, - the increase in the #Butyrate ratio was concomitant to a decrease of the #Acetate ratio, despite the bloom of several #Acetate-producing bacteria such as #Terrisporobacter (former #Clostridium), #Intestinibacter (former #Clostridium), #Dorea (former #Eubacterium) and #Bifidobacterium
• [#Phenol, #Polyphenols] - oligosaccharides were more abundant than (poly)phenols in the purified cranberry extract
• [#Polyphenols] - flavan-3-ols, particularly A-type #Proanthocyanidins, were the most abundant polyphenol class in the Cranberry extract
• [#Bifidobacteria] [#Phenol] - a bifidogenic effect was observed following the consumption of cranberry juice (providing 161 mg of (poly)phenols and an unreported amount of oligosaccharides) for 15 days in 10 #Postmenopausal women
• - cranberry flavan-3-ols are mainly A-type oligomeric #Proanthocyanidins, which are poorly degraded in the gut

References Notes