Sulfate {90000140}

Shared Reference Notes

• [1.1] 
  - high concentrations of H2S from sulfate-reducing bacteria in gut microbiota can adversely affect the bowel environment by increasing toxicity and lowering pH, contributing to the immune response and to inflammatory activation in the gut. - elevated abundance of sulfate-reducing bacteria from #Anaerostipes hadrus may contribute to gut barrier disruption and immune response activation in the gut, promoting IA seroconversion.
• [#Diabetes Type 1] [#Lipopolysaccharide] - lipopolysaccharides biosynthesis in #Bacteroides MAGs (metagenome-assembled genomes) and sulfate reduction in #Anaerostipes MAGs as functional signatures of MAGs with positive IA-association (Islets autoantibody)
• [1.2] [#Behcet’s Disease] [#Butyrate, #Lactate, #Lipopolysaccharide] 
  - These results showed that the gut microbiota in BD patients was enriched with lactic acid-producing bacteria, sulfate-reducing bacteria, and some opportunistic pathogens but lacked #Butyric acid-producing bacteria and methanogenic bacteria. - In mice receiving BD feces, it was observed that the intestinal barrier was disrupted with low expression of tight-junction proteins, leading to LPS release into circulation. - enrichment of #Bilophila, Alistipes, and #Paraprevotella was observed in the BD-recipient group.
• [1.3] [#Ceramides, #Para-cresol] [#Aging] 
  - Among metabolites that were positively associated with age, seven were common in all four groups (aconitic acid, #Choline, #Citrulline, #Cysteine, cystine, #kynurenine, and symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA)) and 10 were common in three out of four groups (aspartic acid, asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), butyrylcarnitine, ceramide d18:1/24:1, ceramide d18:1/25:0, ceramide d18:2/24:1, hippuric acid, homocysteine, methionine sulfoxide, and p-cresol sulfate)
• [1.4] 
  - sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB), to which group #Desulfovibrio bacteria belongs, have been shown to induce apoptosis of human colonic epithelial cells when the SRB enrichments originated from patients suffering from #Ulcerative Colitis
• [1.5] [#Colon adenomas] 
  - Tubular adenomas associate with a decrease in enzymes that metabolize methane - Serrated adenomas exhibit increased NAD, bile acid, and sulfate metabolic potential
• [1.6] [#Diabetes Type 2] [#Dipeptidyl peptidase 4] [#High Fat Diet] 
  - microbial DPP4 was mainly produced by #Bacteroides spp. - Gut microbial DPP4 (mDPP4) could degrade active #GLP-1(7-37) in vitro. - mDPP4 could not affect active #GLP-1 levels in chow-fed mice but could decrease active #GLP-1 activity and impair #Glucose homeostasis in high-fat diet (HFD)–fed mice or dextran sulfate sodium/indomethacin–treated mice, suggesting that a damaged gut barrier is required for mDPP4 to affect the activity of host #GLP-1. - Gut microbial DPP4 isozyme can impair host #Glucose homeostasis, and variations in microbial DPP4 activities could possibly contribute to the heterogeneous responses to sitagliptin observed among patients with T2D.
• [1.7] [#Bifidobacterium infantis] [#Para-cresol] 
  - Antibitic resulted dysbiosis > Application of synbiotic #Bifidobacterium longum subspecies infantis (B. infantis), and #Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) > - increases in #Lactate-consuming #Veillonella, faster #Acetate recovery, and changes in #Indolelactate and p-cresol sulfate, metabolites that impact host inflammatory status. - #Veillonella co-cultured in vitro and in vivo with B. infantis and HMO converts #Lactate produced by B. infantis to #Propionate, an important mediator of host physiology.
• [1.8] 
  - in a mouse model known to display features of #Autism spectrum disorder,> concentration of 4-ethyl phenyl sulfate (chemically related to 4-methyl #Phenol) was 46-fold higher than in naive mice.
• - #Desulfovibrio, #Desulfobacter, #Desulfomonas, #Desulfobulbus, and #Desulfotomaculum are the 5 most common intestinal sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) genera.
• [1.9] [#Autism] [#4-ethylphenylsulfate] 
  - High blood concentrations of host-modified 4EP, #4-ethylphenol sulfate [4EPS], are associated with an #Anxiety phenotype in autistic individuals. - accumulation of 4EPS in the brain of mice affects connectivity between subregions, particularly those linked to #Anxiety
• [#Hydrogen sulfide] - increased sulfate-reducing bacteria, thereby increasing bacterially derived H2S levels, increased Th17- and T regulatory-cell-type cytokine production and activation profiles in mesenteric lymph nodes in experimental #Colitis
• [1.11] [#Chronic kidney disease] 
  - In CKD patients, the concentrations of microbiota-derived trimethylamine N-oxide (#TMAO), indoxyl sulfate and p-cresyl sulfate in the blood are increased. Because of poor renal function in CKD patients, these #Uremic toxins remain in the circulation, promote inflammation, thereby contributing to progressive kidney injury.
• [1.12] [#Kidney stone] 
  - #Desulfovibrio enriched in Nephrolithiasis > The intestinal #oxalate-sulfate antiporter (SAT-1) has been implicated in human CaOx nephrolithiasis; as sulfate-reducing bacteria, #Desulfovibrio spp. may reduce the bioavailability of the influx substrate leading to greater plasma #oxalate levels, as is observed in cohorts with #Autism.
• [1.13] [#Colitis] 
  - #Desulfovibrio are sulfate-reducing bacteria have the ability to reduce sulfate to #Hydrogen sulfide, which, when accumulated, can lead to damage to the intestinal epithelium, causing chronic inflammation and disrupting the balance between cellular proliferation and apoptosis
• [1.14] 
  - red #Cabbage juice (RCJ) alleviates Dextran Sodium Sulfate (DSS)-induced #Colitis in mice. - RCJ improved colonic barrier integrity by enhancing the expression of protective colonic mucinsand tight junction proteins in RCJ + DSS-treated mice compared to the DSS group. -RCJ enrichment of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs)-producing bacteria, leading to increased Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor Gamma (PPAR-γ) activation > resulted in repression of the nuclear factor κB (NFκB) signaling pathway, causing decreased production of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines.

References Notes