Children {51111317} Record Keys Definition:Children Queue:[ ] Details Initialisation date:[ ] Specification: [ ] Meta Information Type:[ ] Host: Human Zone:[ ] Notes: [ ]Shared Reference Notes [1.1] [#Adult] - Multiple #Candida spp. were at higher relative abundance in children than adults, while #Malassezia and certain food-associated fungi were lower in children. [1.2] [#Natural Skin Microbiome] - Skin microbiome > children have a marked profile of Ascomycetes and lower levels of Malassezia when compared to adults. [1.3] [#Asthma] - low α-diversity and relative abundance of particular gut-commensal bacteria genera (#Bifidobacterium, #Faecalibacterium, #Ruminococcus, and #Roseburia) are associated with childhood respiratory diseases. [1.4] [#Asthma] [#Season Fall] - in the fall, when respiratory illness and exacerbation events were most frequent, several #Moraxella and #Haemophilus members were enriched both in virus-positive respiratory illnesses and those that progressed to exacerbations. [1.5] [#Human milk oligosaccharides] [#Adult] - Among the HMOs, 6′SL specifically stimulated #Propionate (linked to #Bacteroides fragilis in children and #Phocaeicola massiliensis in adults) [#GABA, #Human milk oligosaccharides] [#Adult] - #Indole-3-lactic acid and #3-phenyllactic acid (linked to immune health) and gamma-aminobutyric acid (linked to gut-brain axis) were most profoundly stimulated by 2′FL and HMO blends in both children and adults, correlating with specific #Bifidobacteriaceae. [#Human milk oligosaccharides] [#Adult] - 2′FL/LNnT increased #Melatonin in children, while 3′SL remarkably increased #Folic acid in adults. [1.6] [#Short Chain Fatty Acid] [#Cesarean section] - children born by C-section exhibit an overall reduced gut microbiome stability and reduced stool levels of SCFAs (especially #Acetate) during the first months of life as well as a delayed maturation of the gut microbiome by the second year of life. [#Acute lymphoblastic leukemia] [#Bacteroides ovatus, #Pseudomonas aurantiaca, #Roseburia intestinalis, #Roseburia inulinivorans] - children with ALL exhibit reduced relative abundance of both #Butyrate-producing species (#Roseburia faecis, R. intestinalis, R. inulinivorans, #Anaerostipes hardus, #Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, #Eubacterium ramulus) and #Acetate-producing species (#Prevotella maculosa, P. aurantiaca, #Bacteroides uniformis, B. ovatus) [#Acute lymphoblastic leukemia] - #Roseburia, #Dialister, #Prevotella, #Faecalibacterium and #Anaerostipes showed reduced relative abundance in children with ALL at the time of diagnosis [#Acute lymphoblastic leukemia] [#Bacteroides ovatus, #Bacteroides uniformis, #Bacteroides vulgatus] [#Cesarean section] - children with ALL at the time of diagnosis were reported to have reduced relative abundance of B. vulgatus, B. ovatus and B. uniformis; that is, immunomodulatory bacterial species whose transmission from mother to child is disrupted by C-section [#Acute lymphoblastic leukemia] - increase in the relative abundance of the phylum #Bacteroidetes was reported in children with ALL compared with healthy children [#Acute lymphoblastic leukemia] - reduction in the relative abundance of #Firmicutes in children with ALL at the time of diagnosis compared with controls [#Acute lymphoblastic leukemia] - children who develop ALL have reduced levels of #IL-10 and enhanced pro-inflammatory signatures at birth, which in turn have been linked to impaired B cell development and increased B cell DNA damage in mouse models of childhood ALL [#Adult, #Antibiotic Therapy] - antibiotic-induced gut microbiome instability in children and adults appears to grossly resolve within a month of exposure. [#Cesarean section] - children born by C-section demonstrate reduced colonization stability of #Bacteroides by day 14 and reduced abundance throughout infancy and up to 5 years of life. - The low-#Bacteroides profile of neonates delivered by C-section is accompanied by an increased relative abundance of opportunistic pathogens (for example, #Enterococcus spp. and #Klebsiella spp.) [#Cessation of breastfeeding, #Human breast milk] - Although breast milk may temporarily suppress maturation of the gut microbiome during infancy, children who are predominantly breastfed develop a more mature gut microbiome by the second year of life. - Attending #Daycare facilities in which children are oriented to have a closer relationship to nature (for example, through extended contact with #Soil) can increase gut microbiome α-diversity, augment the number of Treg cells and suppress TH17 immune responses within 30 days of attendance. [#Infants] - #Firmicutes, the phylum with the most substantive expansion during the developmental phase of gut microbiome maturation (3–14 months). - delayed entry into #Daycare is associated with reduced relative abundance of #Lachnospiraceae, #Ruminococcaceae and #Prevotella spp. and delayed maturation of the gut microbiome. [#Short Chain Fatty Acid] - School-age children living in #Urban areas show reduced relative abundance of bacteria (for example, #Prevotella spp.) capable of fermenting complex carbohydrates for the production of SCFAs and reduced stool levels of all major SCFAs. [1.7] [#Diabetes Type 1] - Studies have reported an increased quantity of #Villanella, #Clostridium, and #Bacteroides and a decreased quantity of #Lactobacillus, #Eubacterium rectale, #Blautia coccoides, and #Bifidobacterium in children with type 1 diabetes. [1.8] - #Blautia, #Faecalibacterium, and #Dorea levels were consistently more abundant in 8-year-olds with #Allergy than in children without #Allergy. - #Faecalibacterium abundance was correlated with IL-10 and FOXP3 mRNA levels. - #Bacteroides and #Faecalibacterium had relatively high prevalences and were more abundant in children with severe #Asthma. - the abundances of #Bifidobacterium and #Ruminococcus increased gradually over time from age 6 months to age 8 years [1.9] [#Autism] [#Prevotella copri] - P. copri and #Bacteroides fragilis both co-occurred with phages enriched in children with ASD or in neurotypical children [#Autism] - concentrations of the inflammatory cytokine transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) are significantly elevated in children with ASD. - gut microbiome variation associated with race and ethnicity arises after 3 months of age and persists through childhood. - One-third of the bacterial taxa that vary across caregiver-identified racial categories in children are taxa reported to also vary between adults. [1.11] [#Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder] - #Lactobacillus acidophilus and #Bifidobacterium improve the self-control and attention of children with ADHD [#Autism] - The levels of oxytocin and #DHEA-S, which have been considered to be etiologies of ASD, were significantly lower in the plasma of children with ASD - decreased #DHEA-S levels and a lower #Bacteroidetes/#Firmicutes ratio which increased after #Probiotic implementation [#Autism] - the levels of #Bifidobacterium (known as beneficial bacteria, such as #Lactobacillus species) were significantly lower in the stool of children with ASD - After probiotic supplementation, there was a significant increase in the colony counts of #Bifidobacterium and #Lactobacillus with significant improvement in the severity of ASD and gastrointestinal symptoms. [#Autism] - reduced #D-arabinitol levels, a metabolite of #Candida species, in the urine of children with ASD after #Probiotic supplementation [#Autism] - TNF-α levels were strongly correlated with GI symptoms and showed a trend toward correlation with ASD severity. - #Probiotic supplementation significantly decreased TNF-α levels in the feces of children with ASD. [1.12] [#Allergy] - Several maturation-dependent metabolites were disturbed in children who developed allergies with three biogenic amines, namely #Phenylethylamine, #Tryptamine, and #Tyramine, also demonstrating high correlations with disrupted microbial pathways. - This Trace amines (TAs) have a very high affinity for TA-associated receptors (TAARs), a class of G-coupled protein receptors found on both intestinal and immune cells, and TAAR ligation has been demonstrated to increase intestinal cell oxidative stress and immune cell activation. - their accumulation promotes bacterial adherence to intestinal cells, likely perpetuating this inflammatory response [1.13] [#Prevotella copri] - P. copri positively correlated with more severe #Liver fibrosis in children. [1.14] [#Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder] - #Bifidobacterium produces gamma-aminobutyric acid (#GABA), which is the primary repressive neurotransmitter in the human cerebral cortex. - #GABA levels in children with ADHD is reportedly low and negatively correlated with impulsive behavior [1.15] [#Multiple Sclerosis] - Children with MS exhibit low levels of #Lachnospiraceae and #Ruminococcaceae and significant levels of #Desulfovibrionaceae members [1.16] - #Peanut #Allergy-bound children had different abundance trajectories of #Clostridium sensu stricto 1 sp. and #Bifidobacterium sp. , with #Butyrate and #Isovalerate decreasing over time. [1.17] [#Crohn’s disease, #Inflamatory bowel disease, #Ulcerative Colitis] - children with #Atopic Dermatitis had a 44% increased risk of IBD and a 74% increased risk of CD, which increased with worsening AD; however, they did not have increased risk of UC except for those with severe AD. [1.18] [#Natural Nose microbiome] - #Firmicutes and #Proteobacteria are abundantly present in children, whereas #Actinobacteria are over-represented in adults. [1.19] [#Streptococcus pyogenes] - A small fraction of children with S. pyogenes infections was reported to develop #Sydenham’s chorea or pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorders. [#Juvenile idiopathic arthritis] [#Antibiotic Therapy] - Increased risk of JIA was observed in children exposed to antibiotics early in life. [#Juvenile idiopathic arthritis] - #Lachnoclostridium was less abundant in ABISJIA, as in children with existing JIA. [#Juvenile idiopathic arthritis] [#Omega 3] - Omega-3 fatty acids have also been shown to improve active joint counts, swollen joints, TNF-alpha, interluekin-1 (IL-1), and disease activity in children with JIA, reducing the inflammatory response and clinical manifestation [1.21] - supplementation of #Lysozyme and #Lactoferrin to children aged 12–23 months in rural Malawi resulted in improved gut health as determined by their ingested #lactulose excreted into the urine, along with decreased rates of hospitalization [1.22] [#Autism] - #Gluconobacter, Pseuodomonas, Kroppenstedtia, #Acinetobacter and #Megamonas were only present in feces from the GP children in despite to ASD children [#Autism] - #Thermodesulfobacteriota displayed significantly higher abundance in children with severe ASD than in children with mild to moderate ASD [1.23] [#Autism] - #Tryptophan derivatives such as #Indole and #Skatole were significantly increased (p ≤ 0.05) in children with ASD, particularly #Skatole, and thus were also identified as biomarkers by the ML predictive model. [1.24] [#Drug-resistant Epilepsy] [#Keto diet] - Microbial genes related to fatty acid β-oxidation, 2-methylcitrate cycle, glycol metabolism, and #Proline biosynthesis were more highly represented in the gut microbiota of epileptic children after treatment with the KD compared to their internal pre-treatment controls [1.25] [#Cognitive impairment] - #Alistipes obesi, #Blautia wexlerae, and #Ruminococcus gnavus were enriched or depleted in children with higher cognitive function scores. [1.26] [#Diabetes Type 1] [#Bile Acids] - children who progressed to multiple islet autoantibodies later in life had decreased concentrations of conjugated BAs in early life. [1.27] [#Autism] - lower faecal #Bifidobacteria abundance in children with ASD compared to neurotypical children. - #Bifidobacterium was decreased in ASD cases compared to controls. - #Bifidobacteria changes correlated with differently abundant metabolites from derivatives of #Tryptophan metabolisms. - dietary interventions either with #Bifidobacterium strains or other bacterial strains and/or compounds that increase #Bifidobacteria levels in the gut have shown to improve, not only intestinal outcomes, but also ASD severity [1.28] [#Bacteroides-Prevotella group] - #Bacteroides massiliensis and #Bacteroides plebeius were enriched in the stool of children with #Obesity - #Bacteroides massiliensis was significantly overrepresented in the overweight group. - #Bifidobacterium adolescentis was associated with #Obesity in children [1.29] [#Allergy, #Atopic Dermatitis, #Atopy] - In children with AD, there was a significantly lower #Vitamin D level at age 2 and 4, but a significantly higher prevalence of food and mite sensitization at all ages in comparison with HC. - #Vitamin D level was found to be inversely related to the prevalence of allergen sensitization at age 4 [#Autism] - significant depletions of semi-essential amino acid L-#Arginine and essential amino acid lysine were observed in #Infants with future ASD, aligning with amino acid disruptions in children already diagnosed [1.31] [#Atopic Dermatitis] [#Roseomonas mucosa] - In 15 children with AD, R. mucosa treatment was associated with amelioration of disease severity, improvement in epithelial barrier function, reduced #Staphylococcus aureus burden on the skin, and a reduction in topical steroid requirements without severe adverse events. - Skin improvements and colonization by R. mucosa persisted for up to 8 months after cessation of treatment.References Notes[ ]
