Disease ⇒ Diabetes Type 1 {40000104} Record Keys Type:Disease Parent:[ ] Definition:Diabetes Type 1 Details Initialisation date:2020-09-06 Other Terms:T1D, juvenile diabetes LinksWickipediaMerck Manual Meta Information MedDra ID:10067584 MedDra Level:pt ICD:[ ] Category:Endocrinology Zone:[ ] Mechanism:[ ] Notes: - Our study suggests that E. coli biofilm-derived highly immunogenic amyloid curly-DNA complexes might be involved in the activation of a pro-diabetic pathway in children who are at risk of T1D. (3)Shared Reference Notes [1.1] - In patients with type 1 diabetes, elevated #Blautia abundance was observed and was correlated with increased IA-2 tyrosine phosphatase autoantibodies, important markers of autoimmunity. - In patients with type 1 diabetes, elevated #Blautia abundance was observed and was correlated with increased IA-2 #Tyrosine phosphatase autoantibodies, important markers of autoimmunity. [1.2] [#Bacteroides dorei] - A study performed in Finnish children found a higher abundance of Bacteriodetes dorei prior to auto-immunity and T1D development. -The Bacteriodetes phyla produce #Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a potent activator of the innate immune system, that in turn increases the auto-immune response in T1D in NOD mice [1.3] [#Maternal cecal microbiota transfer] [1.4] [1.5] [1.6] [1.7] [1.8] - Type 1 diabetes in children > higher relative abundance of the following most important taxa: Bacteroides stercoris, Bacteroides fragilis, Bacteroides intestinalis, Bifidobacterium bifidum, Gammaproteobacteria and its descendants, Holdemania, and Synergistetes and its descendants. - Type 1 diabetes in children > lower relative abundance of Bacteroides vulgatus, Deltaproteobacteria and its descendants, Parasutterella and the Lactobacillus, Turicibacter genera. The predicted metabolic pathway more associated with type 1 diabetes patients concerns “carbon metabolism,” sugar and iron metabolisms in particular. - Standardized body mass index, anti-insulin autoantibodies, glycemia, hemoglobin A1c, Tanner stage, and age at onset emerged as most significant positively or negatively correlated with specific clusters of taxa. [1.9] [#Chronic fatigue syndrome, #Inflamatory bowel disease, #Multiple Sclerosis] - MC/CFS > a reduction of #Faecalibacterium was also found in IBD patients with fatigue (compared to IBD patients without fatigue), , #Cancer-related fatigue (compared to #Cancer patients with low fatigue) and other autoimmune diseases such as MS and diabetes type 1 . [#Lipopolysaccharide] - lipopolysaccharides biosynthesis in #Bacteroides MAGs (metagenome-assembled genomes) and #Sulfate reduction in #Anaerostipes MAGs as functional signatures of MAGs with positive IA-association (Islets autoantibody) [#Lipopolysaccharide] - LPS produced by the #Bacteroides species in gut microbiota has immunoinhibitory properties that may impede early immune education and contribute to the development of T1D. [1.11] [1.12] - Particular bacterial protein #BefA, which is found in rodent and human gut microbes, can help restore insulin production - #BefA-related sequences uncovered homologs in a handful of bacteria of the #Enterobacteriaceae family commonly found in healthy mammalian microbiomes after birth, when β cells normally undergo substantial expansion. - #BefA could induce proliferation directly in primary islet cultures from both hosts (Zebrafish and mouse). - The #BefA-containing #Enterobacteriaceae bacteria are abundant colonizers of the healthy infant gut during peak neonatal β cell expansion. [1.13] - The #hprt4–18 peptide produced by bacterium #Parabacteroides distasonis mimics an important insulin epitope (insB:9-23). Human and mouse immune cells specific to insB:9-23 cross-react with this bacterial mimic. Further, P. distasonis can accelerate diabetes onset in a mouse model of T1D, inducing destructive immune cells and decreasing protective immune cells. - Seroconversion rates (i.e., the proportion of individuals developing two or more autoantibodies) were consistently higher in children whose microbiome harbored sequences capable of producing the #hprt4–18 peptide compared to individuals who did not harbor it. [1.14] [#Allergy, #Infantile eczema] #Infants treated with antibiotic > The early use of this treatment has been associated with higher risks of allergic diseases, eczema , and #Obesity, and type 1 diabetes [1.15] [1.16] [1.17] [#Diabetes Type 2, #Pulmonary tubercolosis, #Tuberculosis] - the microbiota in latent TB infection group displayed a similar alpha-diversity but different beta-diversity, featuring decrease of Prevotella_9, Streptococcus, and Actinomyces and increase of Bacteroides, Alistipes, and Blautia at the genus level. [1.18] [#Diabetes Type 2] - Compared to the levels in non-diabetic individuals, diabetes patients exhibited a higher abundance of #Neisseria, TM7, #Gemella, #Eikenella, #Selenomonas, #Actinomyces, #Capnocytophaga, #Fusobacterium, #Aggregatibacter, #Veillonella, and #Streptococcus genera and a lower abundance of Filifactor, Synergistetes, Tannerella, Eubacterium, Porphyromonas, and Treponema genera [1.19] - Studies have reported an increased quantity of #Villanella, #Clostridium, and #Bacteroides and a decreased quantity of #Lactobacillus, #Eubacterium rectale, #Blautia coccoides, and #Bifidobacterium in #Children with type 1 diabetes. - diabetes type 1 > negative correlation has been reported between plasma #Glucose level and #Bifidobacterium, #Lactobacillus spp., and #Firmicutes and #Bacteroidetes spp., while there has been positive correlation between #Clostridium and plasma #Glucose level. [1.21] - #Covid-19 patients have a significantly higher risk to develop subsequent autoimmune diseases such as #Rheumatoid Arthritis, #Ankylosing spondylitis, #Systemic sclerosis, type I diabetes mellitus. [1.22] - #Vitamin D intake—especially during early childhood—can reduce the risk of developing T1D later in life. [#Vitamin D] - Diabetes Type 1 > preservation of residual beta-cell function come from the use of cholecalciferol and alfacalcidol [1.23] [#Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM)] - The level of #Irisin was lower in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) type 1/2 and gestational DM > may be related to the glycation effect of #Irisin caused by metabolic intermediates [1.24] [#Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, #Psoriasis, #Sjögren syndrome ] Patients with psoriatic disease had a significantly higher risk of #Crohn’s disease , #Ulcerative Colitis, #Systemic lupus erythematosus, #Rheumatoid Arthritis, #Ankylosing spondylitis , #Alopecia areata, and type 1 diabetes. - the risk of #Graves’ disease, Hashimoto’s disease, Sjögren’s syndrome, and #Systemic sclerosis was not significantly different between the groups. [1.25] [#Diabetes Type 2] - Diabetes > #Butyrate can reduce proliferation of glomerular endothelial cells and potentially keep proliferation under control. [#Diabetes Type 2] - #Butyrate can reduce #Oxidative stress by improving mitochondrial function in STZ-treated pancreatic β-cells and neuronal cells. [1.26] [#Bile Acids, #Deoxycholic acid] - stool concentrations of secondary BAs, particularly UDCA, DCA, HDCA, and their #Glycine and/or #Taurine conjugates, were downregulated in P2Ab versus P1Ab and/or CTR groups. [#Bile Acids, #Tauroursodeoxycholic acid] - TUDCA, a conjugated secondary BA, was observed to reduce the incidence of diabetes development by improving the #Glucose utilization and metabolism in streptozotocin-treated C57BL/6 mice [#Bile Acids, #Lithocholic acid] - administration of secondary BAs, specifically LCA, a secondary BA, causes downregulation of circulating lipids, similar to previous findings in progression to T1D. - two distinct derivatives of LCA, including 3-oxoLCA and isoallo LCA, were found to affect host immune responses by directly modulating T cell differentiation, potentially via gut microbial activity. [#Bile Acids] - #Children who progressed to multiple islet autoantibodies later in life had decreased concentrations of conjugated BAs in early life. [#Bile Acids] - #Eggerthella lenta was associated with the stool concentrations of TLCA and GLCA in the P2Ab study group. - #Eggerthella lenta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases is capable of using both tauro- and glyco-conjugated BAs as substrates. - #Eggerthella lenta has previously been associated with human disease and found to activate T-helper type 17 (Th17) immune cells. - #Eggerthella lenta as an immunomodulatory microbe. [1.27] [#Food emulsifiers] - dietary emulsifier #Carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) consumption significantly accelerated T1D development. - This is associated with increased serum levels of insulin autoantibody, a marker of T1D early development. - dietary emulsifiers > changed microbiota composition and localization in a way that is associated with the promotion of low-grade intestinal inflammation. - the severity of emulsifier-induced microbiota alterations is partly associated with diabetes status and T1D precocity [#Food emulsifiers, #Ultra-processed food intake] - Ultra-processed foods are characterized by the use of numerous additives, including emulsifiers, as well as other nutritional characteristics including high amounts of sugars44 and low amounts of fibers which could altogether act synergistically in T1D development, as well as other autoimmune diseases. [1.28] - #Black seeds and #Garlic intake in diabetic rats > a significant increase in the blood levels of monocytes and granulocytes, while lymphocyte proliferation was suppressed - oral administration of #Capsaicin to several mice strains showed to attenuate the proliferation and activation of autoreactive T cells in pancreatic lymph nodes, protecting them from disease development - #Pomegranate peel extract was able to inhibit immune cell infiltration into pancreatic islets [1.29] [#Colitis] - The protein expressed by the #Bacteroides is almost identical to a protein expressed by insulin-producing cells in the pancreas. - The CD8 lymphocytes can mistakenly attack the pancreatic cells and cause type 1 diabetes. - One highly abundant group composed of two closely related species, Bacteroides dorei and Bacteroides vulgatus, was significantly higher in cases compared to controls prior to seroconversion. Metagenomic sequencing of samples high in the abundance of the B. dorei/vulgatus group before seroconversion, as well as longer 16S rRNA sequencing identified this group as Bacteroides dorei. The abundance of B. dorei peaked at 7.6 months in cases, over 8 months prior to the appearance of the first islet autoantibody, suggesting that early changes in the microbiome may be useful for predicting T1D autoimmunity in genetically susceptible infants. References Notes[ ]
