Bifidobacterium ⇒ Bifidobacterium infantis {10000108}

Shared Reference Notes

• [1.1] 
  - Bifidobacterium infantis > elevate tryptophan levels in blood plasma > influence central #Serotonin transmission
• [1.2] 
  - B. infantis is commonly found in breastfed infants in countries where incidence of immune-mediated disorders is low.
• [#Human breast milk] - In breastfed infants given Bifidobacterium infantis EVC001, which expresses all HMO-utilization genes, intestinal T helper 2 (Th2) and Th17 cytokines were silenced and interferon β (IFNβ) was induced. - Fecal water from EVC001-supplemented infants contains abundant indolelactate and B. infantis-derived indole-3-lactic acid (ILA) upregulated immunoregulatory galectin-1 in Th2 and Th17 cells during polarization, providing a functional link between beneficial microbes and immunoregulation during the first months of life
• [1.3] 
  - treatment with B. infantis 35624 resulted in elevated circulating levels of both #Tryptophan and #kynurenic acid.
• [1.4] 
  - Bifidobacteria infantis and #Lactobacillus acidophilus can hydrolyze the glucoside moieties of plant glycosydes from the #Resveratrol precursor #Piceid to produce #Resveratrol.
• [1.5] [#Bipolar disorder, #Major depressive disorder] 
  - the abundance of #Fusobacteriaceae, #Escherichia blattae DSM 4481 and #Klebsiella oxytoca were significantly augmented, whereas the #Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis ATCC 15697 = JCM 1222 was significantly reduced in BD group compared with MDD group
• [1.6] [#Human milk lipids] [#Human breast milk] 
  - #Gangliosides are not antagonistic to all gastrointestinal microorganisms. - Bifidobacterium can grow in the presence of GM-3 and GD-3 while simultaneously lowering ganglioside levels in vitro. - #Bifidobacterium bifidum is very efficient in removing GD-3 by employing extracellular mechanisms, while #Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis degrades GM-3 intracellularly, with overall lower glycosidase activity.
• [#Bifidobacterium longum] - #Phosphatidylcholine is a major membrane-forming phospholipid in eukaryotes, with an estimated presence of 15% in the bacterial kingdom. - #Phosphatidylcholine exert a prebiotic function on B. longum subsp. infantis, which, by translating the compound to 1,2-sn-diacylglycerols, affects the regulation of colonic mucus production.
• [1.7] [#Lactobacillus salivarius] 
  - #Bifidobacterium breve, B. infantis, and L. salivarius were each shown to dose-dependently inhibit the differentiation and activity of early precursor dendritic cells.
• [1.8] [#Human milk oligosaccharides] 
  - A low relative abundance of Bifidobacteria and depletion of HMO utilization genes in the gut microbiome of human #Infants was also recently shown to be associated with systemic inflammation and polarization of naive CD4+ T cells towards TH17 cells, which could be reversed upon supplementation with Bifidobacterium infantis
• [1.9] [#Bifidobacterium longum, #Clostridioides difficile, #Kingella denitrificans, #Propionibacterium freudenreichii] 
  - #Vitamin B12 producer are > #Pseudomonas denitrificans, #Bacillus megaterium, and Propionibacterium freudenreichi, #Bacteroides fragilis, #Prevotella copri, #Clostridium difficile, #Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, #Ruminococcus lactaris, #Bifidobacterium animalis, B.infantis, B.longum, and #Fusobacterium varium
• [#Bifidobacterium adolescentis, #Bifidobacterium bifidum, #Bifidobacterium breve, #Bifidobacterium longum] - #Bifidobacterium species are categorized on the basis of their #Folate-producing ability: high #Folate producers—#Bifidobacterium bifidum and B. longum subsp. Infantis, and low #Folate producers—B. breve, B. longum subsp. longum, and B. adolescentis.
• [#Para-cresol] - Antibitic resulted dysbiosis > Application of synbiotic #Bifidobacterium longum subspecies infantis (B. infantis), and #Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) > - increases in #Lactate-consuming #Veillonella, faster #Acetate recovery, and changes in #Indolelactate and p-cresol #Sulfate, metabolites that impact host inflammatory status. - #Veillonella co-cultured in vitro and in vivo with B. infantis and HMO converts #Lactate produced by B. infantis to #Propionate, an important mediator of host physiology.
• [1.11] 
  - B. infantis has been shown to solve pathology correlated with increased numbers of regulatory T-cells (Treg)
• [#Immune checkpoint inhibitor] - Beneficial Treg effects mediated by B. infantis have also been demonstrated to dampen the side effects of immune checkpoint therapies in a tumor model
• [#Infants] - B. infantis elicits immunosuppressive T-cell responses in neonates. The generation of pro-inflammatory versus regulatory T-cells may be influenced by the strength and type of inflammatory context, as well as a certain localization

References Notes