Clostridium ⇒ Clostridium sporogenes {50002156}

Shared Reference Notes

• [1.1] 
  - Clostridium sporogenes is able to decarboxylate Trp leading to the production of the neurotransmitter #Tryptamine.
• [1.2] [#Indole-3 propionate, #Indolepropionate] 
  - Intermittent #Fasting promotes axonal regeneration after sciatic nerve crush in mice through an unexpected mechanism that relies on the gram-positive gut microbiome and an increase in the gut bacteria-derived metabolite indole-3-propionic acid (IPA) in the serum. IPA production by Clostridium sporogenes is required for efficient axonal regeneration, and delivery of IPA after sciatic injury significantly enhances axonal regeneration, accelerating the recovery of sensory function.
• [1.3] 
  - The oxidative and reductive pathways in Clostridium sporogenes lead to the production of IAA and IPA
• - Clostridium sporogenes, which can decarboxylate Trp to the neurotransmitter tryptamine
• [1.4] 
  - #Indole-derived metabolites are produced by fermentation via Clostridium sporogenes and #Escherichia coli.
• [1.5] 
  - #Choline, #Carnitine and #Betaine present in fish, egg, and red meats are metabolized to #TMAO by gut bacteria. - Responsible Bacteria are #Anaerococcus hydrogenalis, #Clostridium asparagiforme, #Clostridium hathewayi, Clostridium sporogenes, #Escherichia fergusonii, #Proteus penneri, #Providencia rettgeri etc.
• [#Diabetes Type 2] - The #Tyrosine decarboxylase action of bacteria #Ruminococcus gnavus, #Enterococcus faecalis and Clostridium sporogenes converts #Tyrosine (Tyr) into #Tyramine. - Its role to improve #Glucose tolerance marked it as a beneficial metabolite to T2DM.
• [#Tryptophan] - Two gut #Bacteria C. sporogenes and #Ruminococcus gnavus can convert Trp into #Tryptamine which is able to inhibit #Glucose-induced #Hyperglycemia and enhance insulin release.
• [1.6] [#Indole-3-lactic acid, #Indole-3-propionic acid] 
  - Clostridium sporogenes, for example, converts #Tryptophan into #Tryptamine, indoleacetic acid (ILA), and #Indole #Propionic acid (IPA)
• [1.7] [#Clostridium asparagiforme, #Clostridium citroniae, #Clostridium hathewayi] [#TMA, #TMAO] 
  - #Clostridium sp (C asparagiforme, C citroniae, C hathewayi, and C sporogenes), #Desulfovibrio, and #Enterobacteriaceae (#Escherichia coli and #Acinetobacter sp), can respond to a diet rich in #Choline, an essential nutrient for omnivores, and convert it to trimethylamine, which is then metabolised in the liver to trimethylamine N-oxide, a microbiome derived proatherogenic metabolite.
• - C sporogenes, can convert dietary protein derived #Phenylalanine to #Phenylacetic acid, which is then converted by liver enzymes to #Phenylacetylglutamine, a metabolite linked with #Hypertension and increased risk of #Stroke.
• [1.8] [#Akkermansia muciniphila] [#3-succinylated cholic acid] 
  - 3-sucCA at physiological concentrations can directly promote the growth of A. muciniphila - an inhibitory effect of 3-sucCA on Clostridium sporogenes and #Enterococcus hirae

References Notes