4-ethylphenol {90000652} Record Keys Parent:[ ] Definition:4-ethylphenol Queue:[ ] Details Initialisation date:[ ] Specification: [ ]Source: [ ] Meta Information Structural Type:[ ] Functional Type:[ ] Function:[ ] Notes: [ ]Shared Reference Notes [1.1] [#Autism] [#4-ethylphenylsulfate] - High blood concentrations of host-modified 4EP, 4-ethylphenol #Sulfate [4EPS], are associated with an #Anxiety phenotype in autistic individuals. - accumulation of 4EPS in the brain of mice affects connectivity between subregions, particularly those linked to #Anxiety [#Autism, #Blood Brain Barrier Integrity] [#4-ethylphenylsulfate] - increased intestinal permeability is common in autistic individuals, potentially explaining increased flux of 4EP and/or 4EPS across the gut epithelium and the Blood Brain Barrier [BBB]. [#Autism] [#4-ethylphenylsulfate] - #Clostridium spp. are highly abundant in autistic individuals and yield 4EP precursors. [#4-ethylphenylsulfate] - A subset of the required enzymes (e.g., hydroxycinnamate reductase enzymes (HCRs), #Tyrosine #Ammonia-lyase (TALs)) are encoded within the genomes of many microbes (e.g., #Clostridium aerotolerans, #Clostridium xylanolyticum and #Bacteroides ovatus) > increase 4EP [#Clostridium aerotolerans] [#4-ethylphenylsulfate] - other enzymes (e.g., vinylphenol reductase protein (VPR)) are rarer and encoded by only a few microbes (i.e., #Lactobacillus plantarum, C. aerotolerans DSM 5434T and #Brettanomyces (Dekkera) yeasts) > increase 4EP [1.2] [#Autism] [#4-ethylphenylsulfate] - 4-ethylphenol (4-EP), produced by gut bacteria, is converted into 4-ethylphenyl sulfate (4-EPS) in the host liver and accumulates in the brain, resulting in ASD symptomsReferences Notes[ ]
