Disease ⇒ Natural Small intestine Microbiome {40000605}

Shared Reference Notes

• [1.1] 
  - The microbial ecosystem in the SI is also in general less diverse and more dynamic than in the colonCitation. - The mucosal diversity in the ileum and colon, for example, do not differ significantly, whereas when comparing the luminal contents this difference is more pronounced.
• - The SI microbiota is composed primarily of facultative anaerobic and aerobic bacteria, in particular, belonging to the phyla #Firmicutes, #Proteobacteria and #Actinobacteria.
• [#Escherichia coli] - At the genus level, bacteria highly abundant in the SI include #Lactobacillus, #Veillonella, #Streptococcus, #Gemella, #Actinomyces, and E. coli.
• [#Proton pump inhibitors] - PPI > induce SI duodenal microbiota dysbiosis, characterized by an increase in #Akkermansia muciniphila and #Porphyromonas endodontalis and a decrease in #Enterococcaceae, #Coprococcus, #Enterobacteriaceae, and #Synergistes species
• - eukaryotic viral families present in the SI include #Anelloviridae, Papillomaviridae, Picornaviridae, and #Virgaviridae, and #Bacteriophage families include #Caudovirales, #Siphoviridae, #Myoviridae, and #Podoviridae.
• - Only select bacteria, including #Clostridium, #Lactobacillus, and #Enterococcus species, are able to penetrate, or attach to, the mucus layer at the epithelium and use the mucus as an energy source
• [#Smoking] - In the SI lumen, the abundance of #Prevotellaceae, #Neisseriaceae, and #Porphyromonadaceae is reduced in smokers, whereas #Enterobacteriaceae and #Lactobacillaceae abundances are increased.

References Notes