Disease ⇒ Cancer ⇒ Melanoma {40000152}

Shared Reference Notes

• [1.1] 
  - Patients with an unfavorable gut microbiome (e.g., low diversity and high relative abundance of Bacteroidales) have impaired systemic and anti-tumor immune responses mediated by limited intratumoral lymphoid and myeloid infiltration and weakened antigen presentation capacity. - The gut microbiome may modulate responses to anti PD-1 immunotherapy in melanoma patients. - Patients with a favorable gut microbiome (e.g., high diversity and abundance of Ruminococcaceae/Faecalibacterium) have enhanced systemic and anti-tumor immune responses mediated by increased antigen presentation, and improved effector T cell function in the periphery and the tumor microenvironment.
• [1.2] 
  - FMT and anti–PD-1 changed the gut microbiome and reprogrammed the tumor microenvironment to overcome resistance to anti–PD-1 in a subset of PD-1 advanced melanoma.
• [1.3] [#High-fiber diet] 
  - Higher dietary fiber > improved progression-free survival in 128 patients on immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) treatment, with the most pronounced benefit observed in patients with sufficient dietary fiber intake and no probiotic use.
• [1.4] 
  -Bifidobacterium emerged as strongly associated with T cell response, and consistently, oral administration of a cocktail of Bifidobacterium species combined with an anti-PD-L1 antibody nearly abolished the melanoma growth. - Bifidobacterium longum, Collinsella aerofaciens, and Enterococcus faecium was associated with anti-PD1 efficacy in metastatic melanoma patients. (2)
• [1.5] [#kynurenine, #Tryptophan] 
  - A high-serum Kyn/Trp ratio is also correlated with a poor prognosis after a PD-1 blockade in #Lung cancer, melanoma and #renal cell carcinomas
• [1.6] [#Antibiotic Therapy] 
  - gut microbiome depletion by broad-spectrum antibiotics accelerated intraosseous tumor growth and osteolysis. - Microbiome depletion blunted melanoma-induced expansion of intestinal NK cells and Th1 cells and their migration from the gut to tumor-bearing bones.
• [1.7] [#Breast cancer, #Ovarian cancer, #Pancreatic Cancer] 
  - Fungi were detected in 35 #Cancer types and were often intracellular. - 0%–25% of the tumors per #Cancer type to be positive for either β-glucan or Aspergillus staining. - fungal staining was mainly evident within #Cancer cells in pancreatic, breast, and ovarian #Cancer, it mostly localized to macrophages in melanoma and lung cancers
• [#Colorectal cancer] - #Ascomycota and #Basidiomycota phyla dominated the intratumor mycobiome. The #Ascomycota to #Basidiomycota ratio (A/B ratio) was highest in colon cancer, due to abundant #Saccharomycetes, and lowest in melanoma, due to abundant #Malasseziomycetes.

References Notes