Folate {60000099}

Shared Reference Notes

• [1.1] 
  - There is a growing body of epidemiological evidence that folate modulates anticarcinogenic properties through epigenetic changes, as folate deficiency reduces the potential for DNA methylation, and abnormal DNA methylation is associated with many types of #Cancer.
• [1.2] 
  - Maternal folic acid consumption > strongly negatively correlated with abundance of Betaproteobacteria, Burkholderiaceae, and Sutterella
• [1.3] [#Autism] 
  - lower levels of #Prevotella and #Bifidobacterium may lead to reduced levels of folate production due to diminished folate-dependent remethylation in ASD
• [1.4] 
  - abundances of #Bacteroidales and #Clostridiales decreased, and abundances of #Lactobacillales and #Erysipelotrichaceae taxa increased in folate-deficient mice
• [#Clostridioides difficile, #Lactobacillus bulgaricus, #Lactobacillus delbrueckii] - There are several bacteria that can produce folate in the gut, which include #Bacteroides fragilis, #Prevotella copri, #Clostridium difficile, #Lactobacillus plantarum, L. reuteri, L. delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus, #Streptococcus thermophilus, #Bifidobacterium spp. (some species), #Fusobacterium varium, and #Salmonella enterica
• [#Bifidobacterium adolescentis, #Bifidobacterium bifidum, #Bifidobacterium breve, #Bifidobacterium infantis, #Bifidobacterium longum] - #Bifidobacterium species are categorized on the basis of their folate-producing ability: high folate producers—#Bifidobacterium bifidum and B. longum subsp. Infantis, and low folate producers—B. breve, B. longum subsp. longum, and B. adolescentis.
• - folate is involved in regulating gene activities, regenerating the lining of the intestine, producing necessary chemicals for proper brain function, decreasing the growth of lymphocytes, and reducing natural killer cell cytotoxicity
• - Folate depletion causes an increase in the intestinal mucosal crypt depth in the duodenum and jejunum, resulting in a reduced villus to crypt ratio. - folate deficiency significantly alters intestinal cell morphology and is associated with increased occurrence of intestinal carcinogenesis
• - #Lactococcus and #Streptococcus possess a complete pathway for the de novo folate biosynthesis and do not require a supply of either DHPPP or pABA
• [1.5] [#Metabolic associated fatty liver disease] 
  - #Betaine, #Choline, #Betaine, folate, and #Vitamin B12 deficiencies may promote DNA methylation, boosting hepatic #Triglyceride production.
• [1.6] 
  - Decreased levels of #Bifidobacterium will not be able to synthesize enough #folate, it will elevate the risk of aneuploidies related to rectal #Cancer, leading to severity in rectal #Cancer cases.
• [1.7] [#High fibre diet] 
  - dietary intake of folate and fibre was linked to circulating #Trigonelline levels.
• [1.8] 
  - #Akkermansia muciniphila facilitates mucin and produces folate, #Propionate, and #Acetate

References Notes