Western-style diet {51111197}

Shared Reference Notes

• [1.1] 
  - Switching mice from a standard grain-based rodent chow to a high-fat, low-fiber Western-style diet resulted in a rapid reduction in the number of gut bacteria. - Mice fed the Western-style diet were frequently unable to clear the pathogen #Citrobacter rodentium from the colon. They were also prone to developing chronic infection when re-challenged by this pathogen.
• [1.2] [#Alzheimer’s disease] 
  - The Western diet consists of low-fiber, high-fat, and high-protein foods, where it is common to eat fatty red meats and eggs that are rich in TMA and choline, thus increase #TMAO production.
• [1.3] [#Prevotella copri] 
  - P. copri appears to mediate metabolic dysfunction in Western diet-fed NHPs
• [1.4] 
  - The higher prevalence of mucus-degrading species and genes in industrialized microbiomes than in ancient and non-industrialized ones is probably driven by Western diets, which often lack sufficient dietary fibre to support once-numerous fibre-degrading microbial species
• [1.5] [#Bile Acids] 
  - WD consumption in conjunction with #Clostridium spp. increased the secondary bile acid deoxycholic acid levels in the ileum, which in turn inhibited Paneth cell function.
• - Western diet (WD) similarly leads to Paneth cell dysfunction through mechanisms dependent on the microbiome and farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and type I interferon (IFN)
• [1.6] [#Autoimmune disease] 
• [1.7] [#Crohn’s disease, #Inflamatory bowel disease, #Ulcerative Colitis] 
  - Two commonly used emulsifiers, #Carboxymethylcellulose and #Polysorbate-80 > induce inflammation and metabolic changes, mediated by gut microbes.
• [1.8] [#Prostate cancer] [#High Fat Diet] 
  - HFD promoted inflammatory PCa growth. - The expression of Hdc, the gene responsible for #Histamine biosynthesis, and #Histamine levels were upregulated in large prostate tumors of HFD-fed mice, and the number of mast cells increased around the tumor foci. - HFD intake induced gut dysbiosis, resulting in the elevation of serum #Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) levels. Intraperitoneal injection of LPS increased Hdc expression in PCa.
• [1.9] [#Colorectal cancer] 
  - higher levels of #Polyketide synthase (pks+) #Escherichia coli in tumors of those who relied on Western-style diets.
• [#Parkinson’s Disease] - in a mouse model > a high-energy diet such as the Western diet led to decreased parasympathetic functioning and α-Syn accumulation in the brainstem
• [1.11] [#Metabolic syndrome] [#Omega 3] 
  - nutritional enrichment of WD with #Fish oil n-3PUFA can partially mitigate its detrimental effects, potentially improving the low-grade inflammation associated with immune metabolic disease.
• [1.12] [#Colorectal cancer, #Crohn’s disease] [#Bacteriophage] 
  - the abundance of a class of crAss-like phages, a group of related viruses that includes some of the most abundant viruses of the human gut, were higher in populations with non-westernized dietary habits - several types of crAss-like phages were present at decreased levels in people with #Rheumatoid Arthritis, #Systemic lupus erythematosus, #Ulcerative Colitis and Crohn disease, and at increased levels in people with colon cancer.
• [1.13] [#Animal fat consumption, #High protein / animal fat diets] 
  - high animal protein and saturated fat diet western people own higher diversity of inflammation-associated #Prevotella in the oral cavity,
• [1.14] [#Short Chain Fatty Acid] 
  - The lower 16S rRNA gene copy number on the WD suggests a decrease in microbial biomass due in part to lower fermentable substrate availability to the microbes from the diet. - Lower fecal and serum SCFAs on the WD point to lower microbial fermentation, which is an indicator of reduced microbial energy harvest. - the increased relative abundance of mucin degraders on the WD suggests that the microbiota was “starved” of diet-derived substrates and turned to the host-derived energy sources such as mucin.
• [1.15] [#CVD] [#Exercise training] 
  - voluntary exercise curbs #TMAO elevation and decreases myocardial inflammation and #Fibrosis, leading to the prevention of cardiac dysfunction in western diet-induced #Obesity
• [1.16] [#Short Chain Fatty Acid] 
  - SCFA supplementation has also been shown to increase #Leptin sensitivity in mice fed a Western diet
• [1.17] [#Obesity] 
  - in western populations, #Blautia genus abundance is directly correlated with both BMI and visceral fat, but the inverse relationship is observed in studies in Japanese and Chinese populations where decreasing in relative abundance of #Blautia in the gut microbiome, is associated with increased visceral fat
• [1.18] 
  - #Antifungals treatment can reduce liver damage in a fecal microbiome-humanized mouse model of Western diet-induced #Steatohepatitis
• [1.19] [#Prevotella copri] 
  - The Western diet is a high-fat, high-#Sugar, and low-fiber die significantly reduced the abundance of P. copri.
• [#Exercise training] - #Desulfovibrio has been found to be increased by a Western style diet and by a #High Fat Diet but decreased by endurance exercise
• [#Condition of chronic stress] - the relative abundance of the parabiont genus #Eisenbergiella has been reported to be decreased by a Western style diet and increased in a model of stress in rats as well as in #Adult male #Athletes
• [1.21] 
  - significant reduction of #Ruminococcus in the mice that had been fed WSD in comparison to the control group. - This shift was partially reversed after #Beta-glucan treatment
• [1.22] [#Escherichia coli] 
  - intratumoral pks+ E. coli is associated with high western diet score
• [1.23] 
  - Early life Western diet (WD) disrupts memory despite healthy diet intervention. - Early life WD yields long-lasting reductions in hippocampus cholinergic tone. - Early life WD disrupts novelty-induced hippocampal #Acetylcholine release. - Gut microbiome changes due to early life Western diet are reversible. - Impaired #Acetylcholine signaling underlies WD-induced memory deficits.

References Notes