Western-style diet {51111197}

Shared Reference Notes

• [1.1] 
  - Switching mice from a standard grain-based rodent chow to a high-fat, low-fiber Western-style diet resulted in a rapid reduction in the number of gut bacteria. - Mice fed the Western-style diet were frequently unable to clear the pathogen #Citrobacter rodentium from the colon. They were also prone to developing chronic infection when re-challenged by this pathogen.
• [1.2] [#Alzheimer’s disease] 
  - The Western diet consists of low-fiber, high-fat, and high-protein foods, where it is common to eat fatty red meats and eggs that are rich in TMA and choline, thus increase #TMAO production.
• [1.3] [#Prevotella copri] 
  - P. copri appears to mediate metabolic dysfunction in Western diet-fed NHPs
• [1.4] 
  - The higher prevalence of mucus-degrading species and genes in industrialized microbiomes than in ancient and non-industrialized ones is probably driven by Western diets, which often lack sufficient dietary fibre to support once-numerous fibre-degrading microbial species
• [1.5] [#Bile Acids] 
  - WD consumption in conjunction with #Clostridium spp. increased the secondary bile acid deoxycholic acid levels in the ileum, which in turn inhibited Paneth cell function.
• - Western diet (WD) similarly leads to Paneth cell dysfunction through mechanisms dependent on the microbiome and farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and type I interferon (IFN)
• [1.6] [#Autoimmune disease] 
• [1.7] [#Crohn’s disease, #Inflamatory bowel disease, #Ulcerative Colitis] 
  - Two commonly used emulsifiers, #Carboxymethylcellulose and #Polysorbate-80 > induce inflammation and metabolic changes, mediated by gut microbes.
• [1.8] [#Prostate cancer] [#High-fat diet] 
  - HFD promoted inflammatory PCa growth. - The expression of Hdc, the gene responsible for #Histamine biosynthesis, and #Histamine levels were upregulated in large prostate tumors of HFD-fed mice, and the number of mast cells increased around the tumor foci. - HFD intake induced gut dysbiosis, resulting in the elevation of serum #Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) levels. Intraperitoneal injection of LPS increased Hdc expression in PCa.
• [1.9] [#Colorectal cancer] 
  - higher levels of #Polyketide synthase (pks+) #Escherichia coli in tumors of those who relied on Western-style diets.
• [#Parkinson’s Disease] - in a mouse model > a high-energy diet such as the Western diet led to decreased parasympathetic functioning and α-Syn accumulation in the brainstem
• [1.11] [#Metabolic syndrome] [#Omega 3] 
  - nutritional enrichment of WD with #Fish oil n-3PUFA can partially mitigate its detrimental effects, potentially improving the low-grade inflammation associated with immune metabolic disease.
• [1.12] [#Colorectal cancer, #Crohn’s disease] [#Bacteriophage] 
  - the abundance of a class of crAss-like phages, a group of related viruses that includes some of the most abundant viruses of the human gut, were higher in populations with non-westernized dietary habits - several types of crAss-like phages were present at decreased levels in people with #Rheumatoid Arthritis, #Systemic lupus erythematosus, #Ulcerative Colitis and Crohn disease, and at increased levels in people with colon cancer.

References Notes