Disease ⇒ Obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome {40000400}

Shared Reference Notes

• [1.1] [#Fecal Microbiota Transplantation] 
  - IH-FMT mice exhibited increased aBP and TMAO levels, and impairments in aortic and coronary artery function that were abrogated by #Probiotic administration.
• [1.2] 
  - Intermittent hypoxia associated with obstructive #Sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with Gut Microbiota composition and diversity changes.
• [1.3] [#Hypertension] 
  - the OSA-related hypoxia parameters were associated with the relative abundance of 128 gut bacterial species, including higher abundance of #Blautia obeum and #Collinsella aerofaciens. - #Collinsella aerofaciens was also independently associated with increased systolic BP.
• - OSA-related hypoxia, but not the number of apneas/hypopneas, is associated with specific gut microbiota species and functions. - the cumulative time in hypoxia during sleep was associated with the abundance of genes involved in nine gut microbiota metabolic pathways, including #Propionate production from #Lactate.
• [1.4] 
  - OSAS patients presented higher #Melatonin levels in the afternoon than control subjects who did not snore. - The #Melatonin secretion pattern in OSAS patients shows values in a plateau without the nocturnal peak found in healthy control subjects.
• [1.5] [#CVD, #Diabetes Type 2] 
  - people with DM who developed OSA were at a greater risk of developing CVDs by over 50%
• [#CVD, #Diabetes Type 2] - OSA is associated with repetitive episodes of hypoxia–reoxygenation, triggering a cascade of metabolic and inflammatory changes that exacerbate pre-existing metabolic and cardiovascular risk factors in diabetes. - OSA is linked with impaired #Glucose metabolism and increased insulin resistance, leading to further inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and the development of atherosclerosis and CVDs. - Individuals with diabetes who developed OSA face a greater risk of peripheral neuropathy (PN), AF, diabetic foot disease (DFD), CKD, and all-cause mortality when compared with diabetics without OSA.
• - OSA activates therenin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS) system, leading to an increase in BP and causing volume overload, contributing to the development of #Hypertension and CVDs. - OSA is associated with increased sympathetic nervous system activity, which can further exacerbate #Hypertension and #CVD risk in diabetes. - Sympathetic activation can increase heart rate and vasoconstriction, leading to arrhythmias.
• [1.6] [#Intermittent Hypoxia] 
  - gut microbiome changes associated with IH can independently cause #Sleep disturbances in mice. - The #Sleep disorders observed in mice resemble the excessive daytime sleepiness commonly found in individuals with OSA.
• - Patients with OSA showed elevated levels of #Proteobacteria, which synthesizes #Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), associated with systemic inflammation and #Obesity.
• [#GABA] - #Actinobacteria were significantly downregulated in OSA. - #Actinobacteria are renowned for producing the #Sleep-inducing neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid. - a negative correlation was observed between #Actinobacteria and the number of awakenings in healthy individuals
• [#Lipopolysaccharide] - OSA is a well-established cause of tight junction dysfunction and increased circulating LPS levels.

References Notes