Aging {50000112} Record Keys Definition:Aging Queue:[ ] Details Initialisation date:2019-02-24 Specification: [ ] Meta Information Type:Environment Host: Human Zone:[ ] Notes: - During life, the numbers of bifidobacteria decrease from up to 90% of the total colon microbiota in vaginally delivered breast-fed infants to <5% in the colon of adults and they decrease even more in that of elderly. - Increase in Proteobacteria during aging, which is thought to be a common change in gut microbiome ageing, irrespective of typical elderly or long-living subjects. Furthermore, the relative abundance of Faecalibacterium in the long-living people reduced when compared to the younger group across cohorts.(2)Shared Reference Notes [1.1] - Aging induces significant shifts in gut microbiome composition and function associated with a decline in diversity. - Hallmarks of aging include the presence of dysfunctional antibody-producing B cells, antigen-presenting cells, natural killer cells, and neutrophils. - Commonly, in aged individuals there are consistently elevated local and systemic levels of inflammatory mediators with interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα), IL-1β, and C-reactive protein (CRP). - In humans, age-related dysbiosis is characterized by a loss in Clostridiales and Bifidobacterium, with an enrichment in Proteobacteria and an overrepresentation of pathobionts such as Enterobacteriaceae. [1.2] - The abundance of seven Bifidobacterium species decreased substantially over time, whereas the levels of most Alistipes species increased. [1.3] - #Urolithin A (UA) is a gut microbiome-derived natural compound that only 40% of people can naturally convert from dietary precursors at meaningful levels. - UA increases mitophagy and mitochondrial function and blunts excessive inflammatory responses. - UA increased biomarkers of mitochondrial function in preclinical models of aging and in healthy elderly people. - UA is a promising strategy to target health and disease conditions of aging, especially those linked to mitochondrial and muscle dysfunction. [1.4] - Adipokines, #Leptin and adiponectin, produced and secreted by adipocytes, are involved in regulating systemic inflammation and may be important targets for interventions to reduce the chronic systemic inflammation linked to some conditions common in aging (e.g., atherosclerosis). - Lower #Leptin levels and higher adiponectin levels in peripheral circulation have been associated with less systemic inflammation. [1.5] [#Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, #Prevotella stercorea] - P. stercorea or F. prausnitzii > develop steadily with age [1.6] [#Ruminococcus gnavus] [#Adult] - specific bacteria can be used as markers for the development and maturation of the microbiota such as R. gnavus, which is inversely correlated to microbial richness at all ages and reduces from childhood toward adulthood. [1.7] - #3-sulfogalactosyl diacylglycerols (SGDGs) and SGDG pathway members, including the potential degradation products lyso-SGDGs. SGDGs show an age-related decline specifically in the central nervous system and are associated with myelination. - SGDG dramatically suppresses LPS-induced gene expression and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines from macrophages and microglia by acting on the NF-κB pathway. [1.8] [1.9] [#UV radiation] - #Lactobacillus plantarum HY7714, #Bifidobacterium breve B-3 > skin protection. - there were functional substances in the skin–gut axis communication, which interact in a photoprotective manner, resulting in an anti-aging effect in a mouse model, and administration of #Lactobacillus plantarum HY7714 can decrease the symptoms of UV-induced skin photo-aging in humans. [#Short Chain Fatty Acid] - Age-related intestinal dysbiosis is generally characterized by a decrease in short-chain fatty acid producers, for example, #Clostridiales, and #Bifidobacterium, and enrichment of pro-inflammatory #Proteobacteria including the opportunistic #Enterobacteriaceae. - the loss of #Lactobacillus and #Faecalibacterium, as well as the abundance of #Oscillibacter and #Alistipes genera along with the #Eubacteriaceae family is linked to #Frailty in elderly people. [#Natural Skin Microbiome] - aging > significant increase in #Corynebacterium on the cheeks and forehead and #Acinetobacter on the scalp in the older group. [#Natural Skin Microbiome] - a decrease in #Acinetobacter and an increase in #Proteobacteria on older skin. [#Natural Skin Microbiome] - Skin aging is characterized by a decrease in sebum, sweat, and immune function, resulting in significant alternations in the skin surface’s physiology, including lipid composition, sebum secretion, and pH. - These affect skin dryness, collagen fragmentation, reduction in the total amount of collagen and elastin, as well as influencing the skin ecology, possibly shaping the skin microbiome [#Natural Skin Microbiome] [#Corynbacterium kroppenstedtiin, #Corynebacterium amycolatum] - increased abundance of Corynbacterial taxa, including C. kroppenstedtiin and C. amycolatum in the forehead area [#Natural Skin Microbiome] - At the genus level, old-aged skin exhibited an increase in #Corynebacterium and a decrease in #Cutibacterium relative abundance [#Natural Skin Microbiome] - aging > #Cutibacterium decreased in the cheeks, forehead, and forearms [#Natural Skin Microbiome] - The generation of #Reactive Oxygen Species secondary to normal aerobic metabolism, and exogenous factors, such as #UV radiation, is the main cause of skin aging [#Ceramides, #Para-cresol] - Among metabolites that were positively associated with age, seven were common in all four groups (aconitic acid, #Choline, #Citrulline, #Cysteine, cystine, #kynurenine, and symmetric dimethylarginine (SDMA)) and 10 were common in three out of four groups (aspartic acid, asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), butyrylcarnitine, ceramide d18:1/24:1, ceramide d18:1/25:0, ceramide d18:2/24:1, hippuric acid, homocysteine, methionine sulfoxide, and p-cresol #Sulfate) [1.11] [#Alzheimer’s disease] - Elevated #Spermidine plasma levels are associated with advanced brain aging and might serve as potential early biomarker for AD and vascular brain pathology. [1.12] [#Short Chain Fatty Acid] - The supplementation of SCFAs reduced inflamm-aging, #Oxidative stress, metabolic alteration, and enhanced activation of myeloid cells in the lungs of old mice. [1.13] [#Alzheimer’s disease, #Mild Cognitive Impairment] [#Mediterranean Ketogen Diet] - feeding modified Mediterranean-ketogenic diet (MMKD) increased production of #Butyrate, which was associated with reduced AD markers in the cerebrospinal fluid of older adults with MCI [#Mild Cognitive Impairment] - overall abundance of viruses increased in the gut of older adults with MCI compared with controls. - abundance of Podovirideae, Inovirideae, Myovirideae, and Siphovirideae, which belong to #Bacteriophage types of viral families [#Mild Cognitive Impairment] [#Bacteriophage] - older adults with MCI had higher abundance of Lactococcus phage ul36 which specifically regulates the #Probiotic bacteria like #Lactococcus lactis (a common yogurt culture) [1.14] - #Infants with older #Siblings exhibit increased gut microbiome α-diversity, faster gut microbiome maturation and earlier colonization with #Faecalibacterium species, which are known to increase the Treg/TH17 cell ratio via inhibition of HDACs and to ameliorate gut inflammation. - A lack of older #Siblings is associated with reduced gut microbiome α-diversity and reduced relative abundance of #Faecalibacterium as well as delayed maturation of the gut microbiome by the age of 12 months. [1.15] [#Parkinson’s Disease] - #Fisetin, a flavanol from fruits and vegetables, exerts anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-aging effects in MPTP induced mice model of PD - the neuroprotective effect of #Fisetin in the MPTP (1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6,-tetrahydropyridine) mouse model of PD, which may be closely related to attenuation of α-synuclein expression. [1.16] [#Faecalibacterium prausnitzii] - older subjects with physical #Frailty and #Sarcopenia > Lower abundance of F. prausnitzii, as well as members of the #Clostridiales class including #Eubacterium and #Roseburia genera. [1.17] [#Centenarians] [1.18] - #Hippuric acid has been found increased in patients with #Chronic kidney disease and several age-related conditions [1.19] [#Proton pump inhibitors] - use of prescribed PPIs for > 4.4 years by individuals ages 45 years and older is associated with a higher incidence (33% higher #Dementia risk) of newly diagnosed #Dementia. [#Prostate cancer] [#Gender] - The number of #Firmicutes and serum testosterone levels were positively associated with older male participants. [1.21] [#Skin aging] [#UV radiation] - Chronic UV exposure induces #Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) production, activating three major skin aging cascades. - Resveratrol > prevent photo-aging through anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antitumour pathways. - The viability of cultured human keratinocytes (HaCaT cell line) pretreated with different doses of resveratrol significantly increased up to 94%. [1.22] [#Exercise training] - relative abundance analysis showed a significant change in older adults who conducted an exercise program for five weeks or more at the genus level. [1.23] [#Skin aging] [#Corynebacterium kroppenstedtii] - Cor. kroppenstedtii was likely responsible for the observed aging-related increase in #Corynebacterium. [#Skin aging] [#Cutibacterium acnes] - C. acnes was likely responsible for the aging-related depletion of #Cutibacterium [#Skin aging] [#Streptococcus infantis, #Streptococcus pneumoniae] - younger Korean women carried a higher amount of skin #Streptococcus compared to older Korean women. - These #Streptococcus species, specifically #Streptococcus (St.) pneumoniae and St. infantis, can secrete substances that up-regulate #Collagen synthesis. [1.24] [#Cognitive impairment, #Constipation] - Compared to those with BM once daily, participants with BM frequency every 3+ days had significantly worse objective cognitive function, equivalent to 3.0 years of chronological cognitive aging. [1.25] - #Erysipelotrichaceae UCG-003, #Coprococcus, #Faecalibacterium, and #Subdoligranulum, significantly lower in PLWH and were associated with slower rates of biological aging. - #Erysipelotrichaceae UCG-003, have been previously associated with healthy aging. [#HIV infection] - HIV-related shifts in the mucosal microbiome aren’t always mirrored in fecal samples from the same individual > a pronounced difference between the mucosal-associated and fecal-associated microbiomes, with only the former closely tied to accelerated biological aging. - Specific bacterial genera, including #Catenibacterium, #Prevotellaceae, and #Enterobacteriaceae, enriched in PLWH > were strongly associated with accelerated biological aging. - These bacterial taxa can catabolize #Tryptophan and were correlated with elevated levels of the metabolic byproducts of #Tryptophan catabolism. Increased #Tryptophan catabolism leads to an accumulation of toxic metabolic byproducts such as #kynurenine and #Quinolinic acid. - These byproducts have been linked with adverse outcomes in chronic #HIV infection - elevated #kynurenine levels are associated with neurological deficits in the aging population [1.26] [#Bifidobacterium adolescentis, #Bifidobacterium catenulatum, #Bifidobacterium longum] [#Adult] - The most abundant bifidobacterial species found in adults are B. adolescentis, B. catenulatum, and B. longum. - It has been observed that in later stages of life, with an increase in age, levels of #Bifidobacterium further decrease. [1.27] [#Diabetes Type 2] - #Resveratrol administration to older #Adult diabetics showed to improve mitochondrial biogenesis and function through SIRT1 upregulation, alleviating the oxidative damage and promoting insulin sensitivity [1.28] - microbial diversity on cheek skin was higher in older individuals than in younger adults, and that #Cutibacterium trended lower in older individuals. - microbial diversity tended to decrease with decreasing skin barrier function. [1.29] [#Cognitive impairment] - cognitive decline was associated with decreased relative abundance of #Intestinibacter – a hallmark of gut dysbiosis suggesting inflammation-driven cognitive decline and increased biological aging References Notes[ ]
