Disease ⇒ Liver fibrosis {40000302}

Shared Reference Notes

• [1.1] 
  - Intestinal HDL is not routed to the systemic circulation. Rather, in the form of HDL3, it is directly transported to the liver through the hepatic portal vein. - There, it sequesters bacterial #Lipopolysaccharide from the gut that can trigger inflammation and liver damage. - In various models of liver injury, loss of enteric HDL exacerbated pathology. - By contrast, drugs elevating intestinal HDL improved disease outcomes.
• [1.2] [#Indole-3-propionic acid] 
  - Circulating IPA levels were found to be lower in individuals with liver fibrosis compared to those without fibrosis
• [1.3] [#Lipopolysaccharide] 
  - Increased gut permeability results in increased entry of LPS, a cell wall component of gram-negative gut flora, to reach the Liver, which activates TLR4, thus promoting liver carcinogenesis and liver fibrosis by triggering chronic inflammation.
• [1.4] [#Prevotella copri] 
  - In #Primary sclerosing cholangitis, a liver disease coupled with inflammation in the bile ducts, P. copri was negatively correlated with the disease, especially in patients with concurrent inflammatory bowel disease. - Enriching the gut microbiota with P. copri was shown to decrease cholestasis and liver fibrosis.
• [#Prevotella copri] - P. copri positively correlated with more severe liver fibrosis in #Children.
• [1.5] [#Metabolic associated fatty liver disease] [#Bacteroides stercoris] 
  - B. stercoris was selected as a feature in a metagenome-based model for predicting advanced fibrosis in US patients with NAFLD.
• [1.6] [#Metabolic associated fatty liver disease] 
  - supplementation with #Lachnospiraceae and #Ruminococcaceae can protect against obesity, inflammation, intestinal dysbiosis, and hepatic #Fibrosis in MASLD
• [#Metabolic associated fatty liver disease] - reduced abundance of TLR4 ligands in the serum and reduced hepatic TLR expression in mice treated with #Beta-glucan, which suggests a decrease in bacterial translocation due to restored intestinal homeostasis. - TLR4 ligands as an essential driver for intrahepatic fibrosis through the recruitment of Kupffer cells and hepatic stellate cells. - mice treated with #Beta-glucan > significant reduction in MoMFs and Kupffer cells, which are well-established drivers of MASLD progression.
• [#Metabolic associated fatty liver disease] - increased abundance of the #Ruminococcaceae genus in patients with higher degrees of hepatic fibrosis.
• [1.7] [#Metabolic associated fatty liver disease] [#Human gammaherpesvirus 4] 
  - microbial metabolite, 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl) #Lactate > associate with MAFLD and liver fibrosis.
• - TLR9 signaling under chronic overnutrition stress serves as a driving force for hepatic steatosis progression, with decreased TLR9 expression mitigating #Steatohepatitis and liver fibrosis

References Notes