Tyramine {90000363} Record Keys Parent:[ ] Definition:Tyramine Queue:[ ] Details Initialisation date:[ ] Specification: [ ]Source: [ ] Meta Information Structural Type:[ ] Functional Type:Neurotransmitter Function:[ ] Notes: [ ]Shared Reference Notes [1.1] [#Escherichia coli] [#Infants] - Unique infant microbe-metabolite associations included positive correlations of #Enterococcus faecalis and E. coli with neurotransmitters tyramine and #Agmatine, respectively [1.2] [#Irritable bowel syndrome] - IBS was associated with differential abundance of bacterial taxa such as #Bacteroides dorei; metabolites including increased tyramine and decreased gentisate and hydrocinnamate; and transcripts related to fructooligosaccharide and polyol utilization. [1.3] [#α-tocopherol] - microbial metabolites such as α-tocopherol, tyramine, #p-aminobenzoate, and #Indole impact #Serotonin 5-HT secretion by enteroendocrine cells in the intestine. [1.4] - Tyramine, #Deoxycholic acid, and #4-aminobenzoic acid have been reported to stimulate #Serotonin synthesis [1.5] [#Aromatic amino acid] - #Enterococcus species is the main tyramine producers in #Infants’ gut [1.6] [#Diabetes Type 2] - The #Tyrosine decarboxylase action of bacteria #Ruminococcus gnavus, #Enterococcus faecalis and #Clostridium sporogenes converts #Tyrosine (Tyr) into tyramine. - Its role to improve #Glucose tolerance marked it as a beneficial metabolite to T2DM. [1.7] - TAAR1 is an amine-activated G protein-coupled receptor that is activated by gut microbes-derived aromatic trace amines including #Tryptamine, #Phenethylamine, and tyramine in gut [#Ruminococcus gnavus] - Among these #Tryptamine and #Phenethylamine-producing bacteria species, R. gnavus has the highest catalytic ability to transform aromatic amino acids into aromatic trace amines (#Tryptamine, tyramine, and #Phenethylamine) compared with other bacteria specie [1.8] [#Allergy] - Several maturation-dependent metabolites were disturbed in #Children who developed allergies with three biogenic amines, namely #Phenylethylamine, #Tryptamine, and tyramine, also demonstrating high correlations with disrupted microbial pathways. - This Trace amines (TAs) have a very high affinity for TA-associated receptors (TAARs), a class of G-coupled protein receptors found on both intestinal and immune cells, and TAAR ligation has been demonstrated to increase intestinal cell oxidative stress and immune cell activation. - their accumulation promotes bacterial adherence to intestinal cells, likely perpetuating this inflammatory response [1.9] - #Tyrosine catabolism generates tyramine, a neurotransmitter that promotes #Norepinephrine release, resulting in peripheral vasoconstriction, increased blood #Glucose levels, cardiac output, and respiration. - Tyramine also promotes microbe adherence to enterocytes and modulates subsequent cytokine signaling by enterocytesReferences Notes[ ]
