Enterococcus ⇒ Enterococcus faecium {10000316}

Shared Reference Notes

• [1.1] 
  - Enterococcus faecium and #Pediococcus acidolactici did not significantly cause colitis and #Depression-like behaviors, they significantly deteriorated Klebsiella oxytoca- or Escherichia coli-induced colitis, neuroinflammation, and anxiety/#Depression-like behaviors and increased blood LPS, corticosterone, and IL-6 levels.
• [1.2] [#Parkinson’s Disease] 
  - Enterococcus faecium and #Enterococcus faecalis tdc genes metabolize L-dopa efficiently, and their abundance in the gut correlates directly with reduced efficacy of L-dopa for the patient. - the species, E. faecium and E. faecalis, were elevated in PD.
• [1.3] [#Staphylococcus aureus] 
  - #Clovibactin efficiently kills drug-resistant Gram-positive bacterial pathogens without detectable resistance. - #Clovibactin exhibited antibacterial activity against a broad range of Gram-positive pathogens, including methicillin- resistant S. aureus (MRSA), daptomycin-resistant and #Vancomycin intermediate resistant S. aureus (VISA) strains, and difficult to treat #Vancomycin resistant #Enterococcus faecalis and E. faecium (#Vancomycin-resistant enterococci [VRE]).
• [1.4] [#CVD, #Hypercholesterolaemia] [#Lactobacillus paracasei] [#Cholesterol] 
  - E. faecium strain 132 and L. paracasei strain 201 may alleviate hypercholesterolemia in rats
• [#Hypercholesterolaemia] - Enterococcus faecium strain 132 and #Lactobacillus paracasei strain 201 reduced liver inflammation, improved the lipid profile by regulating the gene expression related to #Cholesterol metabolism and reduced fat accumulation.
• [1.5] [#AA amyloidosis] 
  - prion-like proteins are conserved across multiple phyla and that at least 0.3% of all known bacteria genes encode for PrLDs. - pathogenic bacteria such as #Staphylococcus aureus, #Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium, or #Staphylococcus epidermidis, this percentage could be higher and achieve 18%
• [1.6] [#Antibiotic Therapy] 
  - #Bifidobacteria metabolize #lactulose, produce high concentrations of #Acetate and acidify the gut lumen in humans and mice, which, in combination, can reduce the growth of antibiotic-resistant bacteria such as #Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium in vitro.
• [1.7] 
  - #Extrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma > Among the most prevalent bacteria identified in the bile ducts were #Enterococcus faecalis (38.8%, 31/80), Enterococcus faecium (32.5%, 26/80), #Enterobacter cloacae (16.3%, 13/80), and #Escherichia coli (11.3%, 9/80).
• - #Peptostreptococcus stomatis and Enterococcus faecium were identified as potential contributors to the progression of #Gallbladder cancer
• [1.8] 
  - enrichment of E. faecium has been associated with an improved response to various types of #Cancer immunotherapy
• [#Enterococcus faecalis] [#Antibiotic Therapy] - two of the most frequently identified species of Enterococci – E. faecium and E. faecalis – are both known to acquire antibiotic resistance.
• [#Peptidoglycan] - E. faecium protects the gut from infections by releasing a hydrolase enzyme called #Secreted antigen A (SagA), which is involved in remodeling its cell wall. - SagA breaks down peptidoglycans, the main component of the E. faecium cell wall, to produce small fragments called #Muramyldipeptides. - These MDPs activate receptors known as NOD2 in the host’s immune cells, leading to improved immunity in the gut.

References Notes