β-hydroxybutyrate {90000253}

Record Keys


Parent:[  ]
Definition:
β-hydroxybutyrate
Queue:[  ]

Details


Initialisation date:
2022-01-23
Specification:
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Source:
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Meta Information


Structural Type:[  ]
Functional Type:[  ]
Function:
Anti-bacterial

Notes:


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Shared Reference Notes


  • [1.1] [#Keto diet
    - Ketogenic diets (KDs) > alter the gut microbiota in a manner distinct from high-fat diets - β-hydroxybutyrate selectively inhibits bifidobacterial growth
  • [1.2] [#Keto diet
    - The ketogenic diet, assuming a very high-fat/low-carbohydrate, is aimed to trigger a metabolic reprogramming from the glucose metabolism towards the fatty acids metabolism yielding ketone bodies including β-hydroxybutyrate as substrates for energy > alleviating the symptoms of AD.
  • [1.3] [#Inflamatory bowel disease
    -BHB alleviates intestinal inflammation in DSS-induced #Colitis, which could be due to its ability to promote M2 macrophage polarization. - locally BHB levels are negatively correlated with the severity of DSS-induced #Colitis and human IBD. - BHB treatment lead to significantly increased expression of M2-associated genes in DSS-exposed colons. - BHB facilitates mucosal repair through promoting intestinal epithelial proliferation in murine IBD. - BHB-treated mice had less crypt loss and epithelium damage in the DSS-exposed colons. - BHB increased the expression of bromodeoxyuridine (Brdu) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), two cell proliferation markers, in the DSS-exposed colons. - exogenous BHB supplement exerts anti-aging effect on intestinal stem cells by reducing oxidative stress-induced DNA damage accumulation
  • - M2 macrophages accelerate tissue repair > BHB promotes intestinal epithelial proliferation via regulating M2 macrophages. - M2 macrophages are frequently termed “wound healing” macrophages as they produce factors that are important for tissue repair
  • [#Keto diet] - ketogenic states, induced by ketogenic diet or #Fasting, effectively drive BHB generation both in liver and intestine.
  • [#Keto diet] - BHB, generated during ketogenic diet, directly inhibit growth of bifidobacterial, which thereby impact immune responses through regulating intestinal Th17 cells populations.
  • [1.4] [#Alzheimer’s disease] [#Keto diet
    - Alzheimer disease > KD’s ‘main actor’ is thought to be Beta-Hydroxy-butyrate (BHB) whose levels rose significantly in KD vs. CD mice, and BHB itself significantly rescued LTP in APP/PS1 hippocampi. - KD’s 6 most significant pathways induced in brains by RNAseq all related to Synaptic Plasticity. - KD induced significant increases in synaptic plasticity enzymes p-ERK and p-CREB in both sexes, and of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (#BDNF) in APP/PS1 females.
  • [1.5] [#Keto diet
    - β-hydroxybutyrate synthesized during KD is linked to reduced #Bifidobacterium abundance.

References Notes


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