β-hydroxybutyrate {90000253} Record Keys Parent:[ ] Definition:β-hydroxybutyrate Queue:[ ] Details Initialisation date:2022-01-23 Specification: [ ]Source: [ ] Meta Information Structural Type:[ ] Functional Type:[ ] Function:Anti-bacterial Notes: [ ]Shared Reference Notes [1.1] [#Keto diet] - Ketogenic diets (KDs) > alter the gut microbiota in a manner distinct from high-fat diets - β-hydroxybutyrate selectively inhibits bifidobacterial growth [1.2] [#Keto diet] - The ketogenic diet, assuming a very high-fat/low-carbohydrate, is aimed to trigger a metabolic reprogramming from the glucose metabolism towards the fatty acids metabolism yielding ketone bodies including β-hydroxybutyrate as substrates for energy > alleviating the symptoms of AD. [1.3] [#Inflamatory bowel disease] -BHB alleviates intestinal inflammation in DSS-induced #Colitis, which could be due to its ability to promote M2 macrophage polarization. - locally BHB levels are negatively correlated with the severity of DSS-induced #Colitis and human IBD. - BHB treatment lead to significantly increased expression of M2-associated genes in DSS-exposed colons. - BHB facilitates mucosal repair through promoting intestinal epithelial proliferation in murine IBD. - BHB-treated mice had less crypt loss and epithelium damage in the DSS-exposed colons. - BHB increased the expression of bromodeoxyuridine (Brdu) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), two cell proliferation markers, in the DSS-exposed colons. - exogenous BHB supplement exerts anti-aging effect on intestinal stem cells by reducing oxidative stress-induced DNA damage accumulation - M2 macrophages accelerate tissue repair > BHB promotes intestinal epithelial proliferation via regulating M2 macrophages. - M2 macrophages are frequently termed “wound healing” macrophages as they produce factors that are important for tissue repair [#Keto diet] - ketogenic states, induced by ketogenic diet or #Fasting, effectively drive BHB generation both in liver and intestine. [#Keto diet] - BHB, generated during ketogenic diet, directly inhibit growth of bifidobacterial, which thereby impact immune responses through regulating intestinal Th17 cells populations. [1.4] [#Alzheimer’s disease] [#Keto diet] - Alzheimer disease > KD’s ‘main actor’ is thought to be Beta-Hydroxy-butyrate (BHB) whose levels rose significantly in KD vs. CD mice, and BHB itself significantly rescued LTP in APP/PS1 hippocampi. - KD’s 6 most significant pathways induced in brains by RNAseq all related to Synaptic Plasticity. - KD induced significant increases in synaptic plasticity enzymes p-ERK and p-CREB in both sexes, and of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (#BDNF) in APP/PS1 females. [1.5] [#Keto diet] - β-hydroxybutyrate synthesized during KD is linked to reduced #Bifidobacterium abundance.References Notes[ ]
