Disease ⇒ Autoimmune disease {40000524}

Shared Reference Notes

• [1.1] 
  - Odoribacter and Mogibacteriaceae as the most important features with reduced abundance in autoimmune disease samples compared with healthy controls and Clostridium having increased expression in diseased participants
• [1.2] [#Western-style diet] 
• [1.3] [#Enterococcus gallinarum] 
  - E. gallinarum diverges into independent lineages adapted to colonize either luminal or mucosal niches in the gut. Compared with ancestral and luminal E. gallinarum, mucosally adapted strains evade detection and clearance by the immune system, exhibit increased translocation to and survival within the mesenteric lymph nodes and liver, and induce increased intestinal and hepatic inflammation. - Over time, E. gallinarum diverged into two distinct populations: one that behaved like the ancestral strain and another that gained the ability to escape the intestine and persist in the liver. - the population of E. gallinarum that translocated to the mice’s liver was able to temporarily evade detection and clearance by the mice’s immune system. - population that translocated to the liver triggered inflammation and exacerbated symptoms of autoimmune conditions.
• [1.4] [#Cancer] 
  - #Bartonella henselae, the etiologic agent of Cat Scratch Disease, has become a “pathogen of interest” in several serious human illnesses, which include neoplastic, cardiovascular, neurocognitive, and rheumatologic conditions.
• [1.5] [#Parabacteroides distasonis] 
  - members of the genus #Parabacteroides including #Parabacteroides distasonis were previously found to be decreased in autoimmune disease
• [1.6] 
  - The genus #Corynebacterium is a taxon of coryneform gram-positive bacilli or coccobacilli that colonize the mucous membranes and skin in humans. - #Corynebacterium is usually regarded as a clinically non-significant contaminant in cultures28, but is sometimes reported in the context of autoimmune diseases.
• [1.7] [#Parabacteroides distasonis] 
  - P. distasonis , along with #Prevotella copri, increased IFN-gamma-producing cells, possibly a trigger for auto-immunity, and mouse models suggest that P. distasonis may be proinflammatory, activating pathogenic toxins and contributing to #Reactive Oxygen Species via catalase production.
• [1.8] [#Eggerthella lenta] 
  - Naïve mice gavaged with E. lenta showed significant abundance of #Candidatus arthromitus, a segmented filamentous bacteria known to induce a potent TH17 response, and cause autoimmunity
• [1.9] [#Autism] [#Ursodeoxycholic acid] 
  - UDCA, also lower in future ASD, has shown therapeutic promise in conditions spanning metabolic disease, autoimmune disease, chronic inflammatory disease, and neuropathology. - Its ability to cross the blood-brain barrier is notable, with anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic mechanisms possibly linked to dopamine and mitochondrial regulation.

References Notes