Polysaccharide {90000172}

Shared Reference Notes

• [1.1] [#Carbohydrate diet] 
  - Other butyrate producing microbes, e.g. #Roseburia spp., fare better when they are delivered polysaccharide growth substrates in the diet
• [1.2] 
  - #Bacteroides fragilis, which produces a specific bacterial polysaccharide, directly impacts the cellular and physical maturation of the immune system including correcting T cell deficiencies and Th1/Th2 imbalances observed in germ-free mice
• [1.3] [#humanized Galactooligosaccharides] 
  - #Lactobacillus and #Bifidobacterium specialize in oligosaccharide fermentation, utilizing galactooligosaccharides (GOS), #Fructooligosaccharides (FOS), and polysaccharide #Inulin
• [1.4] 
  - #Cessation of breastfeeding initiates the transition towards an #Adult-like gut microbiome composition, which is characterized by expansion of #Roseburia spp. and #Anaerostipes spp., restriction of #Lactobacillus spp. and a functional shift towards an increased capacity to degrade complex polysaccharides
• [1.5] [#Short Chain Fatty Acid] 
  - #Ruminococcaceae degrade several types of polysaccharides in the lower gastrointestinal tract and facilitate the production of protective short-chain fatty acids
• [1.6] 
  - Some oligosaccharides are originated from a polysaccharide known as #Pectin > pectic oligosaccharide (POS)
• - non-#Starch polysaccharides (3.6 g per day) for twelve weeks enhanced recall and memory processes in the middle-aged #Adult
• [1.7] [#Prevotella copri] 
  - diet intervention of #Wheat peptides and the #Fucose-rich sulfated polysaccharide #Fucoidan reduced the relative abundance of P. copri
• [1.8] 
  - #Chitin (β-1,4-poly-N-acetylglucosamine) is a highly abundant natural polysaccharide found in arthropods and #Fungi that can initiate type 2 (allergic) immune responses.
• [1.9] 
  - #Bacteroides fragilis, a typical constituent of the gut microbiota, drives the differentiation of #IL-10-secreting Treg cells by signaling via its capsular polysaccharide.
• [#Major depressive disorder] - MDD was associated with enriched Glycoside Hydrolases and Polysaccharide Lyases.
• [1.11] [#Ruminococcus gnavus] 
  - R. gnavus has the ability to synthesize and secrete a complex glucorhamnan polysaccharide, which has been found to strongly induce the secretion of TNF-α through TLR4 activation.
• [1.12] [#Mucin glycans] 
  - #Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron can switch from digesting dietary #Glycans to mucin #Glycans in the absence of dietary carbohydrates and plant polysaccharides (dietary fiber), enhancing mucosal barrier function and limiting pathogen invasion.
• [1.13] [#Cancer] 
  - The polysaccharide FMP-1 derived from #Morchella esculenta is attributed with #Prebiotic benefits and potential anti-tumor activity owing to its antioxidant capabilities
• [1.14] [#Cancer] [#Lactobacillus plantarum] 
  - #Rhamnose-rich polysaccharides (RHP) from a commensal strain of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum have now been shown to induce #Iron sequestration by tumor macrophages, thereby limiting tumor growth and promoting antitumor immunity.

References Notes