Lithocholic acid {90000159}

Shared Reference Notes

• [1.1] 
  - Lithocholic acid can inhibit #Breast cancer progression, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and metastasis via activation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) and other proteins involved in the antioxidant defense system.
• [1.2] [#Inflamatory bowel disease] 
  - Bile acid > gut-residing bacteria produce metabolite #3-oxolithocholic acid (3-oxoLCA) > inhibits TH17 (inhibitory) cell differentiation. - Secondary bile acid lithocholic acid > gut bacteria > 3-oxoLCA as well as the abundant gut metabolite #Isolithocholic acid (isoLCA). - IsoLCA suppressed TH17 differentiation by inhibiting RORγt (retinoic acid receptor-related orphan nuclear receptor γt), a key TH17 cell-promoting transcription factor. - Levels of both 3-oxoLCA and isoLCA and the 3α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3α-HSDH) genes required for their biosynthesis were significantly reduced in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). - levels of these #Bile Acids were inversely correlated with expression of TH17 cell-associated genes. - bacterially produced TH17 cell-inhibitory #Bile Acids may reduce the risk of autoimmune and inflammatory disorders such as IBD
• [1.3] [#Bile Acids] 
  - Butyrate producing bacteria such as #Eubacterium spp. are capable of transforming primary BAs to secondary BAs such as: lithocholic acid and #Deoxycholic acid, which are potentially cytotoxic and have been linked to #Colorectal cancer and cholesterol GS formation.
• [1.4] [#Primary bile acids, #Secondary bile acids] 
  - Primary #Bile Acids are conjugated in several different forms and secreted into the intestine. - a small portion (~5%) of the Primary #Bile Acids (about 200 to 800 mg daily in humans) escapes the reabsorption in Ileum and reaches the colon where gut bacteria convert them into secondary #Bile Acids (SBAs), such as #Deoxycholic acid (DCA), #Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), and lithocholic acid (LCA). - majority (90% to 95%) of SBAs are reabsorbed into colonocytes to return to the liver for detoxification and recycling.
• [1.5] 
  - higher concentrations of #Deoxycholic acid (DCA), lithocholic acid (LCA), and #Cholic acid (CA) in feces in #Stroke patients are associated with higher survival after #Stroke.
• [1.6] [#Rheumatoid Arthritis] [#Parabacteroides distasonis] 
  - Oral treatment of arthritic mice with live P. distasonis (LPD) considerably ameliorated RA pathogenesis. - LPD-derived lithocholic acid (LCA), #Deoxycholic acid (DCA), #Isolithocholic acid (isoLCA) and #3-oxolithocholic acid (3-oxoLCA) had similar and synergistic effects on the treatment of RA. - A specific synthetic inhibitor of bile salt hydrolase attenuated the antiarthritic effects of LPD by reducing the production of these four bile acids.

References Notes