Oxidative stress {51111203}

Shared Reference Notes

• [1.1] [#Bipolar disorder] 
  - #Flavonifractor, a genus linked to oxidative stress inducement, was associated with an odds ratio of 2.9 for having BD
• [1.2] 
  - #Ferulic acid at 1 mg/kg reduced oxidative stress and neuroinflammatory markers in the blood, hippocampus and cerebral cortex of mice
• [1.3] [#Short Chain Fatty Acid] 
  - The supplementation of SCFAs reduced inflamm-#Aging, oxidative stress, metabolic alteration, and enhanced activation of myeloid cells in the lungs of old mice.
• [1.4] 
  - #Melatonin can enhance the intestinal mucosal barrier, alter the composition of intestinal bacteria in favor of bacteria with anti-inflammatory properties, regulate the immune response, alleviate inflammation and attenuate oxidative stress.
• [1.5] [#Depression, #Stroke, #Transient Ischemic Attack] 
  - #Ferulic acid is known to be metabolized by gut microbes. - It exerts neuroprotective effects by reducing neuronal cell death and recovers memory deficits in a cerebral ischemia and reperfusion injury model. - It has also ameliorated depressionlike behavior and oxidative stress.
• - #Dihydroferulic acid > exhibit neuroprotective antioxidative properties.
• [1.6] 
  - Lipid peroxidation (LPO) in the cell membranes has been recognized as the major mechanism of tissue impairment due to Oxidative Stress. - #Malondialdehyde is an end-product of LPO, which is an indicator of tissue injury mediated by free #Oxygen radicals. - Lipid peroxidation is more important than protein peroxidation in the pathogenesis of #Melasma.
• [1.7] 
  - #Butyrate can reduce oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory activity by maintaining the integrity of the gut barrier and limiting the translocation of bacteria and bacterial components such as #Lipopolysaccharide into the systemic circulation
• [1.8] 
  - #Oat supplementation increased #Butyrate concentrations in the intestine, which was associated with improved lipid metabolism, reduced oxidative stress, and attenuated inflammatory responses
• [1.9] [#Short Chain Fatty Acid] 
  - Sodium #Butyrate is an SCFA which can act via GPCRs to inhibit histone deacetylase (HDAC), leading to reduced neuronal death and oxidative stress. - the inhibition of HDAC by sodium #Butyrate was also shown to improve hearing in guinea pigs previously impacted by the antibiotic gentamycin
• - mice exposed to chronic #Noise showed increased inflammatory markers in their blood [inducible #Nitric Oxide synthase, nuclear factor κB and interleukin (IL)-6] and alterations to microbiome functionality that are indicative of greater oxidative stress
• - #IL-6 induces bone resorption and stimulates synthesis of acute phase proteins, chemokines, and PGE2. - #IL-6 induces oxidative stress and can lead to a transient accumulation of H2O2 in mitochondria and consequently to mitochondrial damage. - #IL-6 also affects the process of invasion and metastasis by increasing the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). - #IL-6 upregulates the expression of various adhesion molecules (ICAMs) and endothelial leukocyte adhesion molecules (ELAMs), which cause adhesion of tumor cells to endothelial cells, and therefore have an impact on tumors spreading. - Most genes that are targeted by #IL-6 are involved in cell cycle progression and suppression of apoptosis. By influencing anti-apoptotic pathways, #IL-6 may have an impact on #Cancer development.
• [1.11] [#Metabolic Dysfunction-associated Steatohepatitis] 
  - #Ginger essential oil (GEO) supplementation substantially lower hepatic CYP2E1 protein expression and significantly enhanced the hepatic antioxidant enzyme capacity, including CAT, GRd, and GSH. - GEO alleviates hepatic oxidative stress in mice with PL-induced NASH. - GEO alleviated the NASH phenotype and pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β. - NASH patients and animal models have exhibited increases in the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome - GEO exhibited anti-inflammatory activity by reducing NLRP3 inflammasome activation, which may be caused by #Citral and its isomers.
• [1.12] [#UV radiation] 
  - Among these diverse biological effects of #Resveratrol, the antioxidant properties are most prominent. - #Resveratrol has been shown to protect cells against #Hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress, as well as UV-irradiation-mediated cell death.
• [#Metabolic syndrome] -#Resveratrol > #Glucose and lipid homeostasis improvement and a reduction in fat mass, blood pressure, low-grade inflammation, and oxidative stress.
• [1.13] 
  - treatment with #Nitrate (in vivo) or nitrite (in vitro) decreased lipid accumulation, which was associated with dampened NADPH oxidase activity and mitochondria-derived oxidative stress.
• [1.14] 
  - #TMAO induces activation of inflammatory pathways, including the nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) pathway and the thioredoxin-interactive protein (TXNIP)-NLRP3 inflammasome, resulting in increased oxidative stress, DNA damage, and release of inflammatory cytokines that may potentiate #Cancer development
• [1.15] 
  - #Glyoxylate bypass pathwayup-regulation is observed during oxidative stress – a characteristic of #Skin aging.
• [1.16] [#Alzheimer’s disease, #Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, #Multiple Sclerosis, #Parkinson’s Disease] 
  - #Ferulic acid (FA), which occurs naturally as the feruloylated #Sugar ester in grains, fruits, and vegetables, is critical for combating oxidative stress and alleviating neurodegenerative diseases resulting from free radical-generated protein aggregates in brain cells. - #Ferulic acid esterases (FAE) of the gut microbiota are critical enzymes that facilitate FA release from feruloylated #Sugar ester conjugates and influence systemic health.
• [1.17] 
  - Through autophagy stimulation, #Spermidine and #Spermine can alleviate oxidative stress and promote cellular longevity. Furthermore, - these promote tight junction protein, intestinal repair, and mucus secretion, all of which improve intestinal epithelial barrier function
• [1.18] [#Parkinson’s Disease] [#Flavonoid] 
  - Flavonoids, such as #Naringenin and #Hesperetin, can reduce PD include their impact on oxidative stress that can result in chronic inflammation, interactions with neuronal signaling pathways, modulating the activity of several oxidative-related enzymes, and regulating mitochondrial function.
• [#Parkinson’s Disease] - #Walnut extract improved symptoms of PD, reduced oxidative stress, and protected neurons in mice.
• [1.19] [#Rheumatoid Arthritis] [#Reactive Oxygen Species] 
  - The content of mitochondrial ROS in monocytes of RA patients increases fivefold. - Oxidative stress caused by ROS may be associated with the pathogenesis of RA.
• [#Entamoeba histolytica] - E. histolytica #Cysteine proteinases (CPs) play a crucial role in the degradation process of #Bacillus subtilis biofilm. - These proteinases target TasA, a major component of the B. subtilis biofilm matrix, also contributing to the adhesion of the parasite to the biofilm. - They are also involved in the degradation of biofilms formed by Gram-negative and Gram-positive enteric pathogens. Furthermore, biofilms also play an important role in protecting trophozoites against oxidative stress.
• [1.21] 
  - #Lactobacillus fermentum > a commensal strain that is known for its potent antioxidative property
• [1.22] 
  - reduction of membrane localization of tight junction protein (#ZO-1, ZO-2, #Occludin, #Claudin-1, and -3) and increased permeability in colonocytes were induced by the #Ammonia treatment > mitochondrial dysfunction > increase of oxidative stress, > intestinal barrier dysfunction.
• [#Tauro-cholic acid] - #Ammonia treatment on Caco-2 cells induced oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction (e.g., reduced mitochondrial gene expression, reduction of TCA cycle intermediates, reduced mitochondrial membrane potential)
• [1.23] [#Indole] 
  - By lowering oxidative stress, indoles, another byproduct of #Tryptophan metabolism, have shown neuroprotective benefits
• [1.24] [#Diabetes Type 1, #Diabetes Type 2] 
  - #Butyrate can reduce oxidative stress by improving mitochondrial function in STZ-treated pancreatic β-cells and neuronal cells.
• [1.25] [#Limosilactobacillus (Lactobacillus) reuteri] 
  - Lactobacillus reuteri was found to increase the serum #Vitamin D level. - #Vitamin D plays a role in suppressing renin-angiotensin-aldosterone activity, improving function of vascular wall and alleviating vascular oxidative stress to regulate #Hypertension
• [1.26] [#Drug-resistant Epilepsy] [#Keto diet] 
  - #Reactive Oxygen Species is elevated during #Seizure activity due to oxidative stress-associated neuronal death, which can further contribute to epileptogenesis. - The KD reportedly reduces oxidative stress by promoting antioxidant enzymatic activity.
• [1.27] 
  - Numerous animal and plant fats contain #Stearate, an 18-carbon saturated fatty acid. #Stearate is crucial for the growth of different tumors because it alters mitochondrial morphology, rendering #Cancer cells vulnerable to oxidative stress and cell death
• [1.28] 
  - #L-ergothioneine serves as an indicator of a healthy gut microbiota and has shown antioxidant properties, helping counteract oxidative stress in intestinal contexts, as observed in vitro and in animal models
• [1.29] [#Lipopolysaccharide] 
  - #Probiotic #Lactobacillus fermentum CECT5716 can regulate intestinal microecology, increase intestinal density, reduce LPS in serum, restore Th17/Treg balance, and inhibit vascular endothelial oxidative stress
• [#Alzheimer’s disease] - #Anthocyanins were also able to mitigate oxidative stress and neurodegeneration in a mouse model of AD by modulating the PI3K/Akt/Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) axis
• [1.31] 
  - changes in mitochondrial structure preceded changes in function, and that mitochondrial function was not significantly altered at disease onset but was impaired later during disease progression. - elevated oxidative stress in cells at the same disease stage. - impairment in mitophagy that exacerbates mitochondrial dysfunction at late disease stages. - In post-mortem SCA6 patient cerebellar tissue, we observed metabolic changes that are consistent with mitochondrial impairments, supporting our results from animal models being translatable to human disease.
• [1.32] 
  - Treatment with #Uridine can promote tissue regeneration and repair by metabolic adaptation, improving mitochondrial activity, and may reduce inflammation and oxidative stress.
• [1.33] [#Alzheimer’s disease] [#Reactive Oxygen Species, #Ursodeoxycholic acid] 
  - UDCA reduces the levels of ROS, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), exerting anti-apoptotic, oxidative stress and inflammatory effects in AD
• [#Blood Brain Barrier Integrity] - #Propionic acid binds to GPR41 in brain endothelial cells, hinders low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1(LRP-1) expression through a CD14-dependent mechanism, and shields the blood-brain barrier from oxidative stress via NRF2 signaling
• [1.34] [#Escherichia coli, #Staphylococcus aureus] [#Lipopolysaccharide] 
  - phenolic fractions of #Kale increased DPPH scavengers and decreased pathogenic bacteria, S. aureus and E. coli. - #Kale digesta rich in #Phenolic acids inhibited LPS and TNFɑ-induced intestinal epithelial cell inflammation and upregulated catalase, GSH, and #Superoxide dismutase antioxidant levels against cellular oxidative stress
• [1.35] [#Alzheimer’s disease] 
  - N6-carboxymethyllysine has been linked to increased oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction in microglia from the brains of aged mice.

References Notes