Disease ⇒ Anxiety {40000113}

Shared Reference Notes

• [1.1] 
  - Stress and anxiety are related to gut dysbiosis. - Ingesting Lactobacillus plantarum P-8 (P-8) improved stress/anxiety symptoms. - Symptoms were relieved by modulating gut microbiota and neuroactive potential.
• [1.2] [#Depression] 
  - #Combination of probiotics and polyphenol-rich prebiotics, a synbiotic >attenuates the chronic-stress induced inflammatory responses in the ileum and the prefrontal cortex promoting > resilience to the consequent depressive- and anxiety-like behaviors in male mice. - This effect may be attributed to specific synbiotic-produced metabolites including #4-hydroxyphenylpropionic, #4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid and #Caffeic acid > promoted anti-inflammatory activity through the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR).
• [1.3] [#Depression] [#Lactobacillaceae] [#Probiotic (Bifidobacter and Lactobacilus)] 
  - Lactobacillus reuteri and #Bifidobacterium adolescentis Probitica > reduction in depressive symptoms at four and eight weeks of treatment, and anxiety symptoms at four weeks. > improvement in #Sleep quality. - Lactobacillus reuteri and #Bifidobacterium adolescentis Probitica > decrease in serum interleukin-6 levels. - Lactobacillus reuteri and #Bifidobacterium adolescentis Probitica > increased #Bifidobacteriaceae and Lactobacillacea, whereas it decreased #Enterobacteriaceae in the gut microbiota composition.
• [1.4] [#BDNF] 
• [1.5] [#4-ethylphenylsulfate] 
  - mice exposed to 4EPS displayed anxiety-like behaviours, and pharmacological treatments that promote oligodendrocyte differentiation prevented the behavioural effects of 4EPS. - the microbial metabolite 4-ethylphenyl sulfate (4EPS) were increased in a mouse model of atypical neurodevelopment. - 4EPS entered the brain and was associated with changes in region-specific activity and functional connectivity. - Gene expression signatures revealed altered oligodendrocyte function in the brain, and 4EPS impaired oligodendrocyte maturation in mice and decreased oligodendrocyte–neuron interactions in ex vivo brain cultures.
• [1.6] [#Generalized anxiety disorder] 
• [1.7] 
  - #Subdoligranulum and #Coprococcus were consistently found to be depleted in individuals with generalized anxiety disorder and #Depression
• - #Eggerthella has been consistently found to be increased in #Depression and anxiety cases.
• [1.8] [#Bifidobacterium longum, #Lactobacillus helveticus] 
  - consum of a mix of psychobiotics (L. helveticus and B. longum) exhibited less anxiety and #Depression than controls.
• [#Lactobacillus rhamnosus] - in pregnant women, supplementation with L. rhamnosus HN001 lead to significantly less postpartum #Depression and anxiety
• [#Epigallocatechin gallate] - a #Pomegranate extract was shown to reduce microgliosis and #Amyloid-beta plaque deposition in association with reduced anxiety-like behavior and increased memory performance. - This effect was attributed to two polyphenolic compounds, #Punicalagin and #Ellagic acid, and likely its bioactive microbial-derived metabolite EGCG
• - germ-free mice have reduced anxiety compared to specific pathogen free mice, which is correlated to reduced brain-derived neurotrophic factor (#BDNF) expression in the amygdala.
• [1.9] [#Infants] 
  - the relative taxonomic quantitative abundances of #Bifidobacterium dentium and other species that have been associated with either modulation of the gut-brain axis, or other beneficial health outcomes, were reduced in the offspring of mothers with higher anxiety, perceived stress, and #Depression.
• - exposure to #Glyphosate was found to increase anxiety and depressive-like behaviour while decreasing social interaction
• [1.11] [#Butyric acid, #Short Chain Fatty Acid] 
  - Administration of SCFAs, such as butyric, acetic, and #Propionic acid, has been reported to improve stress response, anxiety, and #Depression.
• - administration of #4-ethylphenylsulfate (4-EPS), a #Tyrosine derivative, to mice at 3–6 weeks postnatal induced anxiety-like behavior. - 4-EPS interfered with oligodendrocyte maturation, myelination, and brain activity patterns.
• [1.12] 
  - mucin-degraders (family #Prevotellaceae) were enriched in patients with #Depression and anxiety
• [1.13] [#Inflamatory bowel disease] 
  - 80% of the IBD cohort were diagnosed with anxiety two or more years before the IBD diagnosis
• [1.14] [#Phenolic acids] [#Grape] 
  - #malvidin-3-O-glucoside (MG), a natural anthocyanin present in high proportions in grapes, has been reported to exhibit anti-inflammatory effects, - MG is an anti-pyroptotic phenolic metabolite that targets NLRP3, NLRC4, and AIM2 inflammasomes, subsequently reducing caspase-1 and IL-1β protein levels in murine primary cortical microglia and the brain, as its beneficial effect to counteract anxiety and #Depression is also demonstrated.
• [1.15] [#Autism] [#Bifidobacterium animalis, #Lactobacillus acidophilus, #Lactobacillus plantarum, #Streptococcus thermophilus] 
  - Sptreptococcus thermophilus, #Bifidobacterium breve, B. animalis, #Lactobacillus helveticus, L. plantarum, L. acidophilus, and L. paracacei > attenuated the inflammatory responses in a VPA-induced rodent ASD model. - psychobiotic treatment decreased serum pro-inflammatory cytokine, #IL-6 levels, and increased anti-inflammatory cytokine, #IL-10 levels, with the improved status of diverse behavior tests including social interaction, anxiety, and repetitive behaviors
• [#Autism] [#GRO-α, #MIP-1α] - ASD > FMT > amelioration of anxiety actions and repetitive performance with lower serum levels of metabolites, such as GRO-α and MIP-1α, and a conversely higher level of #MCP-3, #RANTES, and #Eotaxin.
• [1.16] 
  - Estradiol has been reported to influence fear and anxiety behaviors, and enhanced fear extinction memory recall has been observed in periods of higher #Estrogen concentration or when estradiol was administered exogenously
• - #Progesterone can improve fear extinction memory recall similar to estradiol in rodents, but can also impair extinction recall, depending on how soon after administration extinction training occurred
• [1.17] [#Autism] [#4-ethylphenylsulfate] 
  - High blood concentrations of host-modified 4EP, #4-ethylphenol #Sulfate [4EPS], are associated with an anxiety phenotype in autistic individuals. - accumulation of 4EPS in the brain of mice affects connectivity between subregions, particularly those linked to anxiety
• [1.18] [#Depression] 
  - subjects whose GM is highly inclined to produce #Indole could be more likely to develop anxiety or depressive disorders
• - low doses of #Butyrate produce positive effects on the brain and behavior, while high doses induce a stress-like response
• [1.19] [#Bacteroides ovatus] [#4-ethylphenylsulfate] 
  - B. ovatus is a primary producer of a precursor to 4EPS and increased anxiety behaviors in mice.
• [#Condition of chronic stress] - stressed animals had a decrease in the abundance of #Lactobacillus after stress and continued with many groups showing that oral administration of a #Lactobacillus #Probiotic can alleviate the anxiety- and #Depression-like behavior in a multitude of models
• [#Condition of chronic stress] - increased #Secondary bile acids and reduced #Cholic acid in the serum of ex-germ free mice exposed to fecal material from stressed mice
• - Thyroxine and thyroid function have been shown to be impacted by the gut microbes’ capacity to increase the bioavailability of trace micronutrients such as #Iodine, copper, and #Iron. - The microbiome change in response to stress may be exacerbating thyroid hormone imbalance perpetuating the change in anxiety-like behavior and future studies will examine this bidirectional cross talk.
• [1.21] 
  - Elevated levels of #TMAO have been detected in patients with #Autism spectrum disorders and have also been linked to acute stress levels.

References Notes