Indole-3-aldehyde {90000336} Record Keys Parent:[ ] Definition:Indole-3-aldehyde Queue:[ ] Details Initialisation date:[ ] Specification: [ ]Source: [ ] Meta Information Structural Type:[ ] Functional Type:[ ] Function:[ ] Notes: [ ]Shared Reference Notes [1.1] [#Indole-3-propionic acid] - Most #Tryptophan is transformed in the #Indole pathway. Intestinal bacteria express the enzyme tryptophanase, leading to the production of #Indole in the gut. - #Indole > metabolized into 3-indolepropionic acid (IPA) > binds to the pregnane X receptor (PXR) in intestinal cells. - IPA is absorbed in the intestine and distributed to the brain > neuroprotective properties. - #Indole > metabolized into #Indole-3-aldehyde (I3A) > triggers immunoprotective effects in the intestine. [1.2] - indole-3-aldehyde (IAld) is also generated by Firmicutes phylum, such as Lactobacillus (L). reuteri, L. johnsonii, L. acidophilus and L. murinus, via the aromatic amino acid aminotransferase (ArAT) and an indolelactic acid dehydrogenase (ILDH) [#Indole-3-acetamide (IAM), #Indole-3-acetic acid, #Indole-3-lactic acid, #Indole-3-propionic acid, #Indole-3-pyruvic acid (IPyA), #Indoleacrylic acid (IA)] - For AhR, the most effective Trp metabolites are #Indole, #Skatole, IA, #Tryptamine, IPyA and #Indole-3-acetamide (IAM), whereas IAA, IAID, IPA and ILA are the least active [1.3] [#Limosilactobacillus (Lactobacillus) reuteri] - #Probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri (Lr) translocates to, colonizes, and persists within #Melanoma, where via its released dietary #Tryptophan catabolite I3A, it locally promotes interferon-γ-producing CD8 T cells, thereby bolstering ICI (immune checkpoint inhibitor ). [1.4] - norepinephrine, indole, indole-3-aldehyde, #Isovaleric acid, #Butyric acid, and #Isobutyric acid stimulate #Serotonin release from enterochromaffin cells.References Notes[ ]
