Polyphenols ⇒ Resveratrol {90000142}

Shared Reference Notes

• [1.1] 
  - Resveratrol exerts antioxidant, antinflammatory and maintains cellular proteostasis and mitochondrial function.
• [1.2] [#Bifidobacterium infantis] 
  - Bifidobacteria infantis and #Lactobacillus acidophilus can hydrolyze the glucoside moieties of plant glycosydes from the resveratrol precursor #Piceid to produce resveratrol.
• [1.3] [#Epigallocatechin gallate, #Lipopolysaccharide] 
  - Similar to EGCG, resveratrol was shown in neuron-glial primary cultures to inhibit LPS-induced microglial activation and subsequent production of TNFα, #Nitric Oxide and IL-1β likely through modulation of inflammasome signaling
• [#Polyphenols] - Dietary Polyphenol Preparation (BDPP) containing GSPE, concord #Grape juice and resveratrol was shown to attenuate #Sleep Deprivation-induced contextual memory deficits.
• - resveratrol reduced hypoxia-induced microglial activation in BV-2 cells, consequently reducing proinflammatory factor release by inhibiting hypoxia-induced NF-κB inhibitor (IkB)-α degradation
• [1.4] [#Flavonoid] 
  - Flavonoids derived from fruits and vegetables such as quercertin and resveratrol have been identified as #AHR ligands
• [1.5] [#Diabetes Type 2] 
  - Resveratrol also showed promising potential for the treatment of #Diabetic ulcers. - Resveratrol prevented #Hyperglycemia-induced endothelial dysfunction and angiogenic impairment by activating endothelial SIRT1 and promoting forkhead box O1 (FOXO1) degradation, following a de-repression of c-Myc expression.
• [#Diabetes Type 2, #Obesity] - Resveratrol mimics #Caloric restriction via the activation of #Sirtuin 1 (SIRT 1) resulting in improved exercise performance and insulin sensitivity, as well as showing body fat-lowering effects by inhibiting adipogenesis, and increasing lipid mobilisation in adipose tissue.
• [#UV radiation] - Among these diverse biological effects of resveratrol, the antioxidant properties are most prominent. - Resveratrol has been shown to protect cells against #Hydrogen peroxide-induced #Oxidative stress, as well as UV-irradiation-mediated cell death.
• [#Metabolic syndrome] -resveratrol > #Glucose and lipid homeostasis improvement and a reduction in fat mass, blood pressure, low-grade inflammation, and #Oxidative stress.
• - Resveratrol (3,5,4′-trihydroxy-trans-stilbene) belongs to the stilbenoid group of #Polyphenols. - resveratrol > diverse biological activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiobesity, and anticancer properties.
• [#Psoriasis] - Resveratrol also targets toll-like receptor (TLR) signalling, such as TLR2, TLR3, and TLR4 signalling.9-13 In skin, resveratrol reduces imiquimod-induced, TLR7, TLR8, TLR9-mediated, psoriatic inflammation in animal models, most likely via interfering with NF-kB activation.
• - Resveratrol serves as a chemopreventive agent and displays chemotherapeutic properties that are attributed to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, proapoptotic, and antiproliferative features.
• - Resveratrol is supposed to target intracellular signalling pathway components including regulators of cell survival and apoptosis, pro-inflammatory mediators, and key components of tumour angiogenesis and metastasis by interfering with a distinct set of transcription factors, upstream kinases, and their regulators
• - anti-inflammatory and wound healing effects of resveratrol depend rather on their interaction with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-controlled cytoplasmic and nuclear pathways than on their direct antioxidant and free radical scavenging activity
• - During the regular use of topical resveratrol , a 20% increase in skin hydration was detected after 2 weeks of treatment. - resveratrol is able to replenish and modify the natural water-lipid layer and intercellular cement in skin deeper layers, leading to an inhibition of transepidermal water loss (TEWL)
• [#Grape, #Peanut, #Soybean] - Resveratrol has been found in more than 70 different plant species and important dietary sources are grapes (skin and seeds), red wine, peanuts, and soy.
• [#Skin aging] - night-time topical antioxidant containing resveratrol, baicalin, and #Vitamin E for 12 weeks. - significant increase in collagen type II alpha 1 gene expression. - Supported with a clinical improvement in elasticity and skin thickness as measured by ultrasound.
• [#Skin aging] [#UV radiation] - In mice > oral or topical administration of resveratrol resulted in a suppression of UVB-induced epidermal thickening.
• [#Skin scar] - resveratrol treatment in human hypertrophic scar-derived fibroblasts (HSFBs) suppressed cell proliferation, which lead to cell cycle arrest and induced apoptosis in a dose- and time-dependent manner. - Treatment with resveratrol for 24 hours achieved an antiproliferative effect through an induction of apoptosis. - The effect was enhanced with longer resveratrol treatment duration and higher resveratrol concentration. - resveratrol downregulated Type I and III procollagen mRNA expression in HSFBs, which resulted in a decreased collagen deposition. - As an agonist to SIRT 1, resveratrol downregulated mRNA levels of collagen I, collagen III, and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) due to upregulation of SIRT1 in a dose-dependent manner.
• [#Skin wound] - topical resveratrol treatment exhibited a significant antimicrobial efficacy against #Staphylococcus aureus, #Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and #Candida albicans, which are discussed as significant pathogens in the context of non-healing wounds. - Resveratrols’ antimicrobial effects seemed to be even superior than some commercial antimicrobial (Levomecol) and antifungal (Clotrimazole) ointments.
• [#Skin wound] - anti-inflammatory and wound healing effects of resveratrol depend rather on their interaction with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-controlled cytoplasmic and nuclear pathways than on their direct antioxidant and free radical scavenging activity. - significantly improved wound healing following resveratrol application based on antioxidant activity. - resveratrol induces vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression and subsequently regulates angiogenesis.
• [#Skin wound] [#Sirtuin] - proangiogenic properties of resveratrol> activation of SIRT1 > SIRT1 is associated with the induction of angiogenesis, fibroplasia, and collagen organisation.
• [1.6] [#Alzheimer’s disease] 
  - Resveratrol, which is currently under investigation in several clinical trials for AD, has demonstrated to possess remarkable immunomodulatory properties in immune cell populations highly relevant in the context of the disease. It inhibited microglia activation, proliferation and cytokine production (#IL-6 and TNF-α)
• - resveratrol and resveratrol-related PCs (e.g. pterostilbene) have further demonstrated to alleviate intestinal inflammation in mice with #Colitis by regulating the Th17/Treg balance and control the levels of plasmatic and intestinal mucosal cytokines such as transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), #IL-6, #IL-10 and #IL-17, restoring the percentage of CD4+ T cells in mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs) and decrease their number in the intestinal LP, as well as reducing the percentage of macrophages in both regions
• [#Diabetes Type 2] [#Aging] - resveratrol administration to older #Adult diabetics showed to improve mitochondrial biogenesis and function through SIRT1 upregulation, alleviating the oxidative damage and promoting insulin sensitivity
• - several kinds of #Polyphenols have shown to improve mitochondrial function, namely through the activation of the key mitochondrial biogenesis’ PGC-1α, including #Ursolic acid , resveratrol, #Quercetin and #Olive #Hydroxytyrosol
• [#Inflamatory bowel disease] - resveratrol displayed autophagy-promoting properties in cultured macrophages through #Sirtuin modulation, highlighting its potential to counteract the macrophagic autophagy dysfunction underlying IBD.
• [#Parkinson’s Disease] - resveratrol exposes its neuroimmunomodulatory properties, being able to suppress microglia activation and decrease the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β and #IL-6 and their receptors’ expression in the SNpc of mice with 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced PD
• - resveratrol inhibits CD4+ T cells’ activation and cytokine production by promoting SIRT1 expression and activity both in vitro and in vivo
• - consumption of resveratrol after #Stroke events might exert neuroprotection through gut-brain-axis modulation
• [1.7] 
  - Resveratrol occurs in two isomeric forms: cis- and trans-. Trans-resveratrol is a more common form that is characterized by higher biological activity and greater stability.

References Notes