Streptococcus ⇒ Streptococcus mutans {10000548}

Shared Reference Notes

• [1.1] [#Parkinson’s Disease] 
  - At one end of the spectrum, #Bifidobacterium dentium was elevated by 7-fold, #Actinomyces oris by 6.5-fold, Streptococcus mutans by 6-fold. At the other end of the spectrum, #Roseburia intestinalis was reduced by 7.5-fold, and #Blautia wexlerae by 5-fold.
• [1.2] [#Cerebral microbleeds (CMBs)] 
  - Cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) influence long-term prognoses of #Stroke patients. - Streptococcus mutans, a major cariogenic bacterium that expresses the collagen-binding protein Cnm, induces cerebrovascular inflammation, impairing blood brain barrier integrity and causing cerebral bleeding.
• [1.3] [#Diabetes Type 2] [#Imidazole propionate] 
  - Imidazole propionates (ImP), produced by several bacterial strains, including Streptococcus mutans and #Eggerthella lenta, which was found to be elevated in individuals with T2DM and impairs insulin signaling through activation of the p38γ-p62-mTORC1 pathway
• [1.4] 
  - oral #Lantibiotics (it has a considerable antimicrobial effect on intestinal gram-positive bacteria) produced by S. mutans decrease the diversity of intestinal microbes and reduce the abundance of #Firmicutes
• [#Streptococcus pneumoniae, #Streptococcus salivarius] - Two-group pheromone-based subsystem BlpRH is the core node coordinating bacteriocin production and integrating signals of competence activation cascade, typically for S. pneumoniae and S. mutans. - Human co-salivary Streptococcus lacks functional BlpRH pairs, the couples bacteriocin production and competence commitment is directly guided by the competence signaling system ComRS, which is the undetermined basis for its optimal adaptation, potentially explaining the high prevalence of S. salivarius in the human GI tract
• [1.5] [#Candida albicans] 
  - The presence of C. albicans would increase the abundance of #Streptococcus (particularly S. mutans), certain #Lactobacillus species, and salivary #Veillonella and #Prevotella, and also increase the cariogenic virulence of biofilms
• [1.6] [#Enterococcus faecalis] [#Eucalyptus oil] 
  - EO significantly inhibited the planktonic and biofilm growth of S. mutans and E. faecalis. - EO inhibited the biofilm growth of S. mutans and E. faecalis by around 60 and 30-fold, respectively, compared to the group with no EO. - the antibacterial effect of EO against the planktonic and biofilm growth of S. mutans and E. faecalis was prominent, indicating its potential use against thick and mature dental biofilms.
• [#Eucalyptus oil] - Essential oils such as #Cinnamon, Lemongrass, Cedarwood, Clove, and eucalyptus oils revealed 3.44 to 12.51 mm of zone inhibition against S. mutans growth. - Wintergreen, Lime, Spearmint, and Peppermint oils were found ineffective.
• [1.7] [#Parkinson’s Disease] 
  - increased Streptococcus mutans abundance in PD patients’ subgingival dental plaque
• [1.8] 
  - #3,3′-Diindolylmethane (DIM), in mitigating the pathogenicity of the oral biofilm inhabiting bacterium Streptococcus mutans, a bacterium that is considered to be a principal etiological agent in dental #Caries. - DIM was able to attenuate S. mutans biofilm formation by 92%. - treatment with DIM lowered extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) production and decreased its durability significantly under acidic conditions.
• [1.9] 
  - #Lactobacilli inhibit the proliferation of S. mutans, a bacterium that causes dental #Caries
• [#Natural oral microbiomes] - #sIgA binds to oral bacteria, such as #Streptococcus mitis, #Streptococcus oralis, and S. mutans, which have epitopes recognized by #sIgA, selectively recruiting these specific bacteria to the mucus layer on the mucosal surfaces of the oral cavity.
• - S. mutans is capable of producing #Amyloid, as demonstrated in both laboratory and clinically isolated strains. - specific antigens derived from S. mutans walls, such as amyloidogenic adhesin P1 and WapA, can also form #Amyloid fibrils and influence biofilm development
• - about 20% clinical isolates of S. mutans have the cnm gene, which codes for a glycosylated #Collagen- and laminin-binding surface adhesion > infection and an elevated risk of caries development > cnm may play a role in #Amyloid aggregation through the #Collagen-binding domain (CBD) of cnm > cnm is a major amyloidogenic protein in S. mutans biofilms.
• [1.11] [#Candida albicans, #Fusobacterium nucleatum, #Streptococcus oralis] 
  - The ability of C. albicans to form alliances with F. nucleatum, circumventing host defenses, and its interaction with Streptococcus mutans, or S. oralis to exacerbate oral candidiasis or dental #Caries

References Notes