Disease ⇒ Dementia {40000512}

Shared Reference Notes

• [1.1] 
  - Middle‐aged and old patients with vitiligo are more likely to develop dementia compared with those without vitiligo.
• [1.2] [#Herpes] 
• [1.3] [#Vitamin B12] 
  - Low B-12 not only causes central nervous system (CNS) damage by decreasing availability of methyl groups, but also allows accumulation of homocysteine, which appears to be toxic to nerve cells and blocks N-methyl-dasparate receptors. - It is also important to remember that for B-12 by itself to be functional, it needs to be converted to glutathionyl cobalamin, which requires glutathione for its synthesis. Oxidative stress can tie up glutathione and contribute further to lack of B-12 function.
• [1.4] 
  - High equol producers had >50% lower WML% than non-producers. - Equol‐producing status (non‐producers, low and high) was significantly inversely associated with WML%. (1)
• [1.5] [#High fibre diet] 
  - Dietary fiber intake was inversely associated with risk of dementia. - The inverse association was more evident for soluble fiber intake and was confined to dementia without a history of stroke.
• [1.6] 
  - #Vitamin B12 deficiency at the brain level is associated with affective disorders, behavior changes, psychosis, cognitive impairment or decline, and dementia (including #Alzheimer’s disease and vascular dementia protection)
• [1.7] [#Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease] 
  - patients with NAFLD had higher rates of dementia and vascular dementia. - Comorbid NAFLD and either heart disease or stroke conferred a greater risk of dementia.
• [1.8] 
  - seropositivity for 4 viruses (#HSV1, #HHV6, #HHV7 and #VZV) also significantly increases the risk of dementia. - These four viruses have been described previously as neurotropic viruses.
• [1.9] [#Alzheimer’s disease] [#Amyloid-beta] 
  - high-fat diets and #Obesity are associated with increased risk for developing AD and dementia. - the incidence of AD is higher in countries that typically consume high-fat diets as opposed to low-fat diets. - Increased Aβ plaques in the brain after consumption of a #High Fat Diet has been observed in mouse models of amyloidosis. - a high-fat diet can result in an increase in neuroinflammation and decreased performance on AD-related behavior tests.
• - The risk of both all-cause dementia and vascular dementia increased with the number of regularly used #Laxative types.
• [1.11] [#Vitamin D Supplementation] 
  - #Vitamin D exposure was associated with 40% lower dementia incidence versus no exposure. - #Vitamin D effects were significantly greater in females versus males and in normal cognition versus mild cognitive impairment.
• [1.12] 
  - higher tissue #Polyamine levels have been reported in various diseases like dementia due to #Alzheimer’s disease (AD), #Parkinson’s Disease, #Cancer, and mental disorders like #Depression.
• [1.13] 
  - #Butyrate administration to animals has shown protective effects against vascular dementia, #Cognitive impairment, and against metabolic risk factors for cognitive decline and dementia
• [1.14] [#Alzheimer’s disease] 
  - Increased proportions of #Odoribacter and #Barnesiella and decreased proportions of #Eubacterium , #Roseburia , #Lachnoclostridium and #Collinsella were seen in elders with other dementia types than AD.
• [1.15] 
  - High levels of #Homocysteine enhanced the dementia risk attributed to #Air Pollution, while high #Methionine concentrations reduced this risk.
• [1.16] [#Alzheimer’s disease] [#Aging] 
  - cGAS–STING signalling pathway, which mediates immune sensing of DNA3, is a critical driver of chronic inflammation and functional decline during ageing. - Blockade of STING suppresses the inflammatory phenotypes of senescent human cells and tissues, attenuates ageing-related inflammation in multiple peripheral organs and the brain in mice, and leads to an improvement in tissue function. - activation of STING triggers reactive microglial transcriptional states, neurodegeneration and cognitive decline.
• [1.17] [#Cognitive impairment] [#Glutamate, #Glutamine] 
  - Disruption within the glutamatergic pathway can lead to cognitive deficits, #Schizophrenia and frontotemporal dementia
• [1.18] [#Aging, #Proton pump inhibitors] 
  - use of prescribed PPIs for > 4.4 years by individuals ages 45 years and older is associated with a higher incidence (33 percent higher dementia risk) of newly diagnosed dementia.
• [1.19] [#Cognitive impairment] 
  - #Arabinoxylan and #Arabinose, can enhance general cognition and attenuate the accumulation process of dementia-related glial fibrillary acidic protein in mice
• [#Alzheimer’s disease] - 4 essential-oil odorants twice a day for 5 months > significant 226% improvement was observed in the enriched group compared to the control group on the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test and improved functioning was observed in the left uncinate fasciculus
• [1.21] 
  - Ferroptosis appears to be a major mechanism of white matter injury in #Alzheimer’s disease and vascular dementia. - fragments of myelin are themselves rich in #Iron > degeneration > #Iron toxicity causing microglial degeneration in the brain > advancing cognitive decline in #Alzheimer’s disease and vascular dementia.
• [1.22] [#Amyloid-beta] 
  - The #Mediterranean diet > improvement in memory, an increase in Aβ42:Aβ40, and pTau181 > protective lifestyle factor against dementia
• [1.23] [#Parkinson’s Disease] 
  - plasma levels of trimethylamine N-oxide (#TMAO), a gut microbiota-derived metabolite, are associated with faster increases in levodopa-equivalent dose and tend to increase the risk for PD-dementia conversion, and can therefore be considered as a biomarker in early PD
• [1.24] [#Alzheimer’s disease] 
  - milk and #Dairy product intake significantly reduced the risk of developing Alzheimer’s dementia but not vascular dementia

References Notes