Exercise training {50000143} Record Keys Definition:Exercise training Queue:[ ] Details Initialisation date:2020-09-25 Specification: [ ] Meta Information Type:Environment, Habit, Physical Host:[ ] Zone:[ ] Notes: - Exercise training enriched certain bacteria, including Parabacteroides distasonis, low levels of which lead to the development of NASH and increase cardiovascular risk. Enrichment of Parabacteroides distasonis enrichment created multiple positive co-occurring relationships with commensal gut organisms, including Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae, each of which may lessen "leaky gut," promote gastrointestinal health and interrupt disease progression in NASH.Shared Reference Notes [1.1] [#Metabolic associated fatty liver disease] -The exercise group showed improvements in the clinical indices of oral environment. Salivary component analysis revealed significant reductions in LPS, and lactoferrin during the exercise regimen. - Diversity analysis of oral bacterial flora revealed higher alpha- and beta-diversity after the exercise regimen. - Analysis of the microbial composition revealed that the numbers of Campylobacter, Corynebacterium, Actinomyces , and Lautropia were significantly higher, and that of Prevotella was significantly lower. [1.2] - Exercise > promote the proliferation in the populations of Veillonella strains [1.3] - Exercise increases > increase α-diversity and microbial metabolites such as SCFAs. - Exercise > typically reveal increases in commensal taxa such as #Bifidobacterium, #Lactobacilli, and #Akkermansia - Single bout of exercise > upregulated metabolic pathways of skeletal muscle substrate utilization and carbohydrate metabolites in serum > increased fecal #Ammonia and amino acid metabolites > increased the abundance of #Clostridia - Cardiorespiratory exercise induced immediate changes in the gut microbiota composition, while resistance exercise had no effect [#High-protein diet] - protein-supplemented group without exercise > increases in trimethylamine-N-oxide (#TMAO) and #Phenylacetylglycine (PAG). - In contrast, the addition of exercise decreases #TMAO [#Short Chain Fatty Acid] - SCFAs > can be oxidized > incorporated into glucose via gluconeogenesis, or increase the bioavailability of glucose, glycogen, and fatty acids during exercise. - SCFAs > increased blood flow, insulin sensitivity, skeletal muscle mass preservation, and an oxidative phenotype [1.4] [#Lactobacillus plantarum] [1.5] [#Chronic fatigue syndrome] [1.6] [#Diabetes Type 2] [#Short Chain Fatty Acid] [#Fecal Microbiota Transplantation] - exercise-induced alterations in the gut microbiota correlated closely with improvements in glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity. - The microbiome of responders exhibited an enhanced capacity for biosynthesis of short-chain fatty acids and catabolism of branched-chain amino acids, whereas those of non-responders were characterized by increased production of metabolically detrimental compounds. - Fecal microbial transplantation from responders, but not non-responders, mimicked the effects of exercise on alleviation of insulin resistance in obese mice. [1.7] [1.8] [#Alzheimer’s disease] - Exercise is protective in AD - Exercise alters Gut Microbiota composition. - The protective effect of exercise on AD progression maybe mediated by the Gut Microbiota. - 5 weeks of exercise training in mice resulted in Gut Microbiota composition changes and an increase in cecal #Butyrate. [#Short Chain Fatty Acid] - Exercise increased fecal SCFA concentrations in lean but not obese participants. - These effects were reversed after 6 weeks of ceasing exercise training suggesting that sustainment of exercise is necessary for long-term exercise-induced Gut Microbiota alterations. [1.9] [#Fecal Microbiota Transplantation] - #Phocaeicola barnesiae, #Eisenbergiella massiliensis, and #Anaeroplasma abactoclasticum in the gut microbiome as positive contributors to #Muscle strength. - #Ileibacterium valens and #Ethanoligenens harbinense were found to have negative effects on muscle strenght. [#CVD] [#Western-style diet] - voluntary exercise curbs #TMAO elevation and decreases myocardial inflammation and #Fibrosis, leading to the prevention of cardiac dysfunction in western diet-induced #Obesity - Acute and/or chronic exercise can trigger the dynamic processes of mitochondrial biogenesis, fusion, fission, and mitophagy [#Short Chain Fatty Acid] - A six-week moderate to intense aerobic exercise (30–60 min) program can induce a shift in the SCFA-producing #Faecalibacterium and #Lachnospira spp. and genetic machinery (BCoATe) substantially in lean versus obese participants. [#Short Chain Fatty Acid] - SCFAs, in response to aerobic exercise, can decrease the luminal pH (colon) by decreasing the conversion of #Primary bile acids to #Secondary bile acids and promoting colonic acidification. - The environment created as a result of these changes is more favorable for the growth of healthy commensal bacteria [#Veillonella atypica] - V. atypica improves run time via its metabolic conversion of exercise-induced #Lactate into #Propionate. - The genus #Veillonella was positively correlated with extensive physical exercise in the post-race samples of marathon runners. - #Veillonella inoculation into mice can significantly increase the exhaustive treadmill run time. - #Lactate is the sole carbon source for #Veillonella. [1.11] [#Obesity] [#Faecalibacterium prausnitzii] - Abundance of #Faecalibacterium genus members (i.e., F. prausnitzii) is greater in both women and men with higher skeletal muscle mass. - increases in both lean mass and #Faecalibacterium relative abundance are observed in normal weight subjects after exercise training. [1.12] [#Bacteroides uniformis] [#Short Chain Fatty Acid] - #Acetate and #Propionate are associated with increased B. uniformis abundance in the gut. - These SCFAs may facilitate muscle #Glucose supply from the liver during exercise. [#Bacteroides uniformis] [#Short Chain Fatty Acid] - B. uniformis administration in mice increased swimming time to exhaustion, cecal short-chain fatty acid concentrations, and the gene expression of enzymes associated with gluconeogenesis in the liver while decreasing hepatic glycogen content. [#Bacteroides uniformis] [#α-cyclodextrin] - the supplementation with α-cyclodextrin (αCD) in human males increased gut B. uniformis abundance and improved endurance exercise performance [1.13] [#Eubacterium hallii, #Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, #Fusicatenibacter saccharivorans] - F. prausnitzii, F. saccharivorans, and E. hallii were reported to be enriched after exercise and diet intervention across multiple studies - microbiomes with a high abundance of amino acid biosynthesis pathways are also more likely to respond to different lifestyle interventions including both dietary and exercise interventions, targeting the restructuring of gut microbial communities. [1.14] [#Metabolic associated fatty liver disease, #Obesity] [#Fibroblast growth factor 21] - both circulating and hepatic levels of FGF21 in obese mice were markedly reduced by exercise training, where the FGF21 sensitivity in adipose tissue was enhanced. [1.15] [#Aging] - relative abundance analysis showed a significant change in older adults who conducted an exercise program for five weeks or more at the genus level. [1.16] - Fecal #Turicibacter, #Allobaculum, and #Clostridium sensu stricto, and #Propionate in the cecum were decreased by the exercise. - Exercise increased the expression of #BDNF and decreased expression of #ZO-1 and Claudin5 in the brain. [#Depression] - Voluntary exercise-induced antidepressant properties might be partially caused by suppression of #Serotonin uptake into gut microbiota and increase the permeability of the blood-brain barrier via reduced #Propionate production. [1.17] [#Antibiotic Therapy] - absence of the microbiome in germ-free or antibiotics-treated mice diminishes voluntary and endurance exercise capacity by ∼50%. - this effect of the microbiota was driven by certain taxonomic elements, including members of the #Lachnospiraceae family. [1.18] [#Western-style diet] - #Desulfovibrio has been found to be increased by a Western style diet and by a #High Fat Diet but decreased by endurance exercise [1.19] - While an acute bout of exercise can initiate systemic inflammation, increasing intestinal permeability, chronic exercise shapes the gut microbiota in a way that promote gut integrity. - Chronic exercisers have a greater abundance of the #Lachnospiraceae and #Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, major #Butyrate producers. - Abundance of #Lachnospiraceae (#Roseburia and #Lachnospira) has been positively correlated with VO2max and fecal #Butyrate after 2 weeks of high-intensity interval training.References Notes[ ]
